School of Human Sciences, St. Mary's University College, Twickenham, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jan;27(1):89-100. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825037ee.
The aim of this study was to quantify internal joint moments of the lower limb during vertical jumping and the weightlifting jerk to improve awareness of the control strategies and correspondence between these activities, and to facilitate understanding of the likely transfer of training effects. Athletic men completed maximal unloaded vertical jumps (n = 12) and explosive push jerks at 40 kg (n = 9). Kinematic data were collected using optical motion tracking and kinetic data via a force plate, both at 200 Hz. Joint moments were calculated using a previously described biomechanical model of the right lower limb. Peak moment results highlighted that sagittal plane control strategies differed between jumping and jerking (p < 0.05) with jerking being a knee dominant task in terms of peak moments as opposed to a more balanced knee and hip strategy in jumping and landing. Jumping and jerking exhibited proximal to distal joint involvement and landing was typically reversed. High variability was seen in nonsagittal moments at the hip and knee. Significant correlations were seen between jump height and hip and knee moments in jumping (p < 0.05). Although hip and knee moments were correlated between jumping and jerking (p < 0.05), joint moments in the jerk were not significantly correlated to jump height (p > 0.05) possibly indicating a limit to the direct transferability of jerk performance to jumping. Ankle joint moments were poorly related to jump performance (p > 0.05). Peak knee and hip moment generating capacity are important to vertical jump performance. The jerk appears to offer an effective strategy to overload joint moment generation in the knee relative to jumping. However, an absence of hip involvement would appear to make it a general, rather than specific, training modality in relation to jumping.
本研究的目的是量化下肢在垂直跳跃和举重挺举中的内部关节力矩，以提高对控制策略的认识，并了解这些活动之间的对应关系，从而有助于理解训练效果的可能转移。男性运动员完成了最大无负载垂直跳跃（n=12）和 40 公斤的爆发力推挺举（n=9）。使用光学运动跟踪和力板以 200Hz 的频率收集运动学数据。使用先前描述的右侧下肢生物力学模型计算关节力矩。峰值力矩结果突出表明，跳跃和挺举的矢状面控制策略不同（p<0.05），挺举在峰值力矩方面是膝关节主导任务，而跳跃和落地则是更平衡的膝关节和髋关节策略。跳跃和挺举表现出从近端到远端关节的参与，而落地通常是相反的。髋关节和膝关节的非矢状面力矩存在很大的变异性。在跳跃中，跳高技术与髋关节和膝关节力矩之间存在显著相关性（p<0.05）。虽然跳跃和挺举之间的髋关节和膝关节力矩存在相关性（p<0.05），但挺举中的关节力矩与跳跃高度没有显著相关性（p>0.05），这可能表明挺举性能向跳跃的直接可转移性存在限制。踝关节力矩与跳跃性能相关性较差（p>0.05）。峰值膝关节和髋关节力矩产生能力对垂直跳跃性能很重要。挺举似乎提供了一种有效的策略，可以增加膝关节相对于跳跃的关节力矩产生的超负荷。然而，髋关节的参与不足似乎使它成为一种与跳跃相关的一般性而不是特异性的训练模式。
