Jones William P, Kinghorn A Douglas
Ingredient and Process Research, Kraft Foods, Glenview, IL, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;864:341-66. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_13.
This chapter presents an overview of the preparation of extracts from plants using organic solvents, with emphasis on common problems encountered and methods for their reduction or elimination. In addition to generally applicable extraction protocols, methods are suggested for selectively extracting specific classes of plant-derived compounds, and phytochemical procedures are presented for the detection of classes of compounds encountered commonly during extraction, including selected groups of secondary metabolites and interfering compounds. Successful extraction begins with careful selection and preparation of plant samples and thorough review of the appropriate literature for suitable protocols for a particular class of compounds or plant species. During the extraction of plant material, it is important to minimize interference from compounds that may co-extract with the target compounds, and to avoid contamination of the extract, as well as to prevent decomposition of important metabolites or artifact formation as a result of extraction conditions or solvent impurities.
本章概述了使用有机溶剂从植物中制备提取物的方法，重点介绍了常见问题以及减少或消除这些问题的方法。除了一般适用的提取方案外，还提出了选择性提取特定类别的植物衍生化合物的方法，并介绍了用于检测提取过程中常见化合物类别的植物化学程序，包括选定的次生代谢物组和干扰化合物。成功的提取始于仔细选择和制备植物样品，并全面查阅相关文献，以获取针对特定化合物类别或植物物种的合适方案。在植物材料提取过程中，重要的是尽量减少可能与目标化合物共提取的化合物的干扰，避免提取物受到污染，并防止由于提取条件或溶剂杂质导致重要代谢物分解或产生假象。
