Oeffinger Marlene, Zenklusen Daniel
Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jun;1819(6):494-506. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
The evolutionary 'decision' to store genetic information away from the place of protein synthesis, in a separate compartment, has forced eukaryotic cells to establish a system to transport mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. To ensure export to be fast and efficient, cells have evolved a complex molecular interplay that is tightly regulated. Over the last few decades, many of the individual players in this process have been described, starting with the composition of the nuclear pore complex to proteins that modulate co-transcriptional events required to prepare an mRNP for export to the cytoplasm. How the interplay between all the factors and processes results in the efficient and selective export of mRNAs from the nucleus and how the export process itself is executed within cells, however, is still not fully understood. Recent advances in using proteomic and single molecule microscopy approaches have provided important insights into the process and its kinetics. This review summarizes these recent advances and how they led to the current view on how cells orchestrate the export of mRNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Transport and RNA Processing.
将遗传信息存储在远离蛋白质合成场所的单独隔室中的进化“决定”，迫使真核细胞建立一个系统，将mRNA从细胞核运输到细胞质中进行翻译。为确保快速高效地输出，细胞进化出了一种受到严格调控的复杂分子相互作用机制。在过去几十年里，这一过程中的许多个体参与者已被描述，从核孔复合体的组成到调节共转录事件所需的蛋白质，这些共转录事件是为将mRNA输出到细胞质做准备所必需的。然而，所有这些因素和过程之间的相互作用如何导致mRNA从细胞核中高效且选择性地输出，以及输出过程本身在细胞内是如何执行的，仍未完全弄清楚。蛋白质组学和单分子显微镜方法的最新进展为这一过程及其动力学提供了重要见解。本综述总结了这些最新进展，以及它们如何形成了目前关于细胞如何协调mRNA输出的观点。本文是名为《核运输与RNA加工》的特刊的一部分。
