Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Food Funct. 2012 May;3(5):477-86. doi: 10.1039/c2fo10250a. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
Government and health organizations worldwide have issued dietary guidelines for sugars. These guidelines vary considerably in the recommended or suggested intakes and the types of sugars specified. Despite access to the same published literature, recommendations vary greatly and create confusion for nutrition practitioners who offer dietary guidance. Some of the confusion in this field is linked to differences in definitions for sugar and methods to measure total sugars. Additionally, although dietary guidance typically recommends foods high in sugar, fruits and dairy products, other advice suggests strict limits on intake of "added sugar". Added sugar cannot be analytically determined and must be calculated so nutrient databases generally contain values for total sugar and do not differentiate between sugars naturally occurring in foods and those added in processing. This review defines sugars, provides the sugar content of major food sources, summarizes health concerns about dietary sugars, and compiles dietary guidelines for sugars issued by various organizations. Dietary recommendations from various health organizations are based on different means of assessment, and thus vary considerably. In general, the use of added sugars is cautioned, especially when it contributes to calories in excess of needs for an individual.
政府和全球卫生组织发布了针对糖的膳食指南。这些指南在推荐或建议摄入量以及指定的糖的类型方面存在很大差异。尽管可以获得相同的已发表文献，但建议差异很大，这给提供饮食指导的营养从业人员带来了困惑。该领域的一些混淆与糖的定义和测量总糖的方法的差异有关。此外，尽管饮食指南通常建议食用高糖的食物，如水果和乳制品，但其他建议则严格限制“添加糖”的摄入量。添加糖不能通过分析确定，必须通过计算得出，因此营养数据库通常包含总糖的值，而不会区分食物中天然存在的糖和加工过程中添加的糖。本文综述了糖的定义、主要食物来源的糖含量、总结了关于饮食糖的健康问题，并汇编了各种组织发布的糖的膳食指南。各种健康组织的饮食建议基于不同的评估方法，因此差异很大。一般来说，建议谨慎使用添加糖，尤其是当它提供的卡路里超过个人需求时。
