Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15;62(2):1208-15. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.076. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
The dependence of BOLD on neuro-vascular coupling leaves it many biological steps removed from direct monitoring of neural function. MRI based approaches have been developed aimed at reporting more directly on brain function. These include: manganese enhanced MRI as a surrogate for calcium ion influx; agents responsive to calcium concentrations; approaches to measure membrane potential; agents to measure neurotransmitters; and strategies to measure gene expression. This work has led to clever design of molecular imaging tools and many contributions to studies of brain function in animal models. However, a robust approach that has potential to get MRI closer to neurons in the human brain has not yet emerged.
BOLD 对神经血管耦合的依赖性使其与神经功能的直接监测相差许多生物学步骤。已经开发了基于 MRI 的方法,旨在更直接地报告脑功能。这些方法包括:锰增强 MRI 作为钙离子内流的替代物;对钙浓度有反应的试剂;测量膜电位的方法;测量神经递质的试剂;以及测量基因表达的策略。这项工作导致了分子成像工具的巧妙设计,并为动物模型中的脑功能研究做出了许多贡献。然而,一种有潜力使 MRI 更接近人脑神经元的稳健方法尚未出现。