检疫、隔离和分群：从霍乱到克雷伯氏菌。
Quarantine, isolation, and cohorting: from cholera to Klebsiella.
机构信息
Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
出版信息
Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012 Apr;13(2):69-73. doi: 10.1089/sur.2011.067.
BACKGROUND
Isolation is defined as the separation of persons with communicable diseases from those who are healthy. This public health practice, along with quarantine, is used to limit the transmission of infectious diseases and provides the foundation of current-day cohorting.
METHODS
Review of the pertinent English-language literature.
RESULTS
Mass isolation developed during the medieval Black Death outbreaks in order to protect ports from the transmission of epidemics. In the mid-1800s, infectious disease hospitals were opened. It now is clear that isolation and cohorting of patients and staff interrupts the transmission of disease. Over the next century, with the discovery of penicillin and vaccines against many infectious agents, the contagious disease hospitals began to close. Today, we find smaller outbreaks of microorganisms that have acquired substantial resistance to antimicrobial agents. In the resource-limited hospital, a dedicated area or region of a unit may suffice to separate affected from unaffected patients.
CONCLUSION
Quarantine, or cohorting when patients are infected with the same pathogen, interrupts the spread of infections, just as the contagious disease hospitals did during the epidemics of the 18th and 19th centuries.
背景
隔离是指将患有传染病的人与健康人分开。这种公共卫生措施与检疫一起，用于限制传染病的传播，并为当今的群体隔离提供了基础。
方法
回顾相关的英文文献。
结果
大规模隔离是在中世纪黑死病爆发期间为了保护港口免受传染病传播而发展起来的。19 世纪中叶，开设了传染病医院。现在很明显，隔离和群体隔离患者和工作人员可以中断疾病的传播。在接下来的一个世纪里，随着青霉素和针对许多传染病病原体的疫苗的发现，传染病医院开始关闭。今天，我们发现微生物的小爆发已经对抗菌药物产生了相当大的耐药性。在资源有限的医院中，一个专门的区域或单位区域就足以将受影响的患者与未受影响的患者分开。
结论
隔离或群体隔离当患者感染相同的病原体时，可以像 18 世纪和 19 世纪的传染病医院那样中断感染的传播。
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