Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany.
Eur J Med Res. 2012 Jan 30;17(1):2. doi: 10.1186/2047-783X-17-2.
Although severe oral opportunistic infections decreased with the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, periodontitis is still a commonly described problem in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of the present investigation was to determine possible differences in periodontal parameters between antiretroviral treated and untreated patients.
The study population comprised 80 patients infected with HIV divided into two groups. The first group was receiving antiretroviral therapy while the second group was therapy naive. The following parameters were examined: probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding score, periodontal screening index and the index for decayed, missed and filled teeth. A questionnaire concerning oral hygiene, dental care and smoking habits was filled out by the patients.
There were no significant differences regarding the periodontal parameters between the groups except in the clinical marker for inflammation, the papilla bleeding score, which was twice as high (P < 0.0001) in the antiretroviral untreated group (0.58 ± 0.40 versus 1.02 ± 0.59). The participants of this investigation generally showed a prevalence of periodontitis comparable to that in healthy subjects. The results of the questionnaire were comparable between the two groups.
There is no indication for advanced periodontal damage in HIV-infected versus non-infected patients in comparable age groups. Due to their immunodeficiency, HIV-infected patients should be monitored closely to prevent irreversible periodontal damage. Periodontal monitoring and early therapy is recommended independent of an indication for highly active antiretroviral therapy.
尽管高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的实施降低了严重的口腔机会性感染，但牙周炎仍然是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者常见的问题。本研究旨在确定接受和未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者在牙周参数方面是否存在差异。
研究人群包括 80 名感染 HIV 的患者，分为两组。第一组接受抗逆转录病毒治疗，第二组为治疗初治组。检查了以下参数：探诊深度、牙龈退缩、临床附着水平、牙龈出血指数、牙周筛查指数和龋齿、缺失和填充牙指数。患者填写了有关口腔卫生、口腔护理和吸烟习惯的问卷。
两组患者的牙周参数无显著差异，除炎症的临床标志物外，牙龈出血指数（未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗组为 0.58 ± 0.40，而接受抗逆转录病毒治疗组为 1.02 ± 0.59）高两倍（P < 0.0001）。本研究的参与者普遍表现出与健康受试者相当的牙周炎患病率。两组的问卷结果相当。
在年龄相当的 HIV 感染与非感染患者中，没有迹象表明存在晚期牙周损伤。由于免疫缺陷，HIV 感染患者应密切监测以防止不可逆的牙周损伤。建议进行牙周监测和早期治疗，而无需进行高效抗逆转录病毒治疗。
