School of Pharmacy, University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2012 May;9(5):541-50. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2012.676038. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Breaching the skin's stratum corneum barrier raises the possibility of the administration of vaccines, gene vectors, antibodies and even nanoparticles, all of which have at least their initial effect on populations of skin cells.
Intradermal vaccine delivery holds enormous potential for improved therapeutic outcomes for patients, particularly those in the developing world. Various vaccine-delivery strategies have been employed, which are discussed in this review. The importance of cutaneous immunobiology on the effect produced by microneedle-mediated intradermal vaccination is also discussed.
Microneedle-mediated vaccines hold enormous potential for patient benefit. However, in order for microneedle vaccine strategies to fulfill their potential, the proportion of an immune response that is due to the local action of delivered vaccines on skin antigen-presenting cells, and what is due to a systemic effect from vaccines reaching the systemic circulation, must be determined. Moreover, industry will need to invest significantly in new equipment and instrumentation in order to mass-produce microneedle vaccines consistently. Finally, microneedles will need to demonstrate consistent dose delivery across patient groups and match this to reliable immune responses before they will replace tried-and-tested needle-and-syringe-based approaches.
突破皮肤角质层屏障增加了疫苗、基因载体、抗体甚至纳米颗粒给药的可能性，所有这些药物至少在最初都对皮肤细胞群产生影响。
皮内疫苗接种为改善患者（尤其是发展中国家患者）的治疗效果带来了巨大的潜力。本文讨论了各种疫苗传递策略，还讨论了皮肤免疫生物学对微针介导皮内接种产生的效果的重要性。
微针介导的疫苗为患者带来了巨大的获益潜力。然而，为了使微针疫苗策略发挥其潜力，必须确定免疫反应中归因于递送至皮肤抗原呈递细胞的局部作用的疫苗的比例，以及归因于到达全身循环的疫苗的全身作用的比例。此外，行业需要在新设备和仪器方面进行大量投资，以便能够持续大规模生产微针疫苗。最后，微针需要在患者群体中证明一致的剂量传递，并与可靠的免疫反应相匹配，然后才能替代经过验证的针和注射器方法。
