Esch Barbara E, Carr James E, Michael Jack
Western Michigan University.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2005;21(1):43-58. doi: 10.1007/BF03393009.
Many children with autism do not imitate adult vocalizations, an important skill in learning to talk. Pairing adult vocalizations with preferred stimuli has been shown to increase free-operant vocalizations but effects are temporary; thus, direct reinforcement may be necessary to establish durable vocal behaviors. In Experiment 1, directly reinforced echoic responses did not increase following stimulus-stimulus pairings in three children with autism. Similarly, pairings did not increase free-operant vocalizations in Experiment 2, a replication of Miguel et al. (2002). Experiment 3 demonstrated that shaping increased vowel frequency for one participant. Results suggest that variables are yet to be delineated that influence effectiveness of a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure on vocalization frequency and acquisition of a verbal operant following such pairings.
许多患有自闭症的儿童不会模仿成人的发声，而这是学习说话的一项重要技能。已表明将成人发声与偏好刺激配对可增加自由操作发声，但效果是暂时的；因此，可能需要直接强化来建立持久的发声行为。在实验1中，三名自闭症儿童在刺激-刺激配对后，直接强化的模仿反应并未增加。同样，在实验2中，重复米格尔等人（2002年）的研究，配对也未增加自由操作发声。实验3表明，塑造增加了一名参与者的元音频率。结果表明，尚未明确影响刺激-刺激配对程序对发声频率以及配对后言语操作习得效果的变量。
