Kamei Satoshi
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Brain Nerve. 2012 Apr;64(4):433-43.
This article reviews recent quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) analyses in Parkinson disease (PD). We reported the first qEEG evaluation in PD not only employing multiple logistic regression analysis but also estimating the distribution of qEEG changes (Serizawa K, et al: 2008). We calculated the spectral ratio, i.e., the sum of the power values in the alpha and beta waves divided by the sum of the values in the slow waves. The significant predictive variables in PD were the spectral ratios at all electrode locations except for the frontal pole. The PD patients presented diffuse slowing in the qEEG as compared with age-adjusted normal controls. We also assessed the relationship between the progression of PD and qEEG (Morita A, et al: 2009). At all electrode locations, the spectral ratio significantly decreased with the progression of PD. Moreover, we studied qEEG alterations in PD patients with executive dysfunction (ExD) (Kamei S et al: 2010) and cognitive impairment (Morita A, et al: 2011). An increase in slow waves was observed in the frontal and frontal-pole locations in patients with ExD and presented in all locations in those with dementia. A recent report showed that qEEG findings have the potential for use as a predictive biomarker for the incidence of dementia in PD (Klassen BT, 2011). QEEG analysis is thus not only useful as a tool for studying pathophysiological findings but also as a predictive biomarker for dementia. ERP is a also useful tool for the evaluation of neuropsychological impairments in PD. P3 is elicited by target in the classic oddball task. P3b findings in PD have shown inconsistent results, with certain studies showing no changes and others showing prolonged P3b latency, and decreases and increases in P3b amplitude. However, prolonged P3b latency in PD patients with dementia have been consistently observed. Visual cognitive dysfunction and facial expression recognition in PD have been recently assessed with ERP techniques. ERP has a high potential for use in the detailed evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
本文综述了帕金森病（PD）中近期的定量脑电图（qEEG）和事件相关电位（ERP）分析。我们报道了首例PD的qEEG评估，不仅采用了多元逻辑回归分析，还估计了qEEG变化的分布（Serizawa K等人：2008年）。我们计算了频谱比，即α波和β波功率值之和除以慢波值之和。PD中的显著预测变量是除额极外所有电极位置的频谱比。与年龄校正后的正常对照相比，PD患者的qEEG表现为弥漫性减慢。我们还评估了PD进展与qEEG之间的关系（Morita A等人：2009年）。在所有电极位置，频谱比随PD进展显著降低。此外，我们研究了伴有执行功能障碍（ExD）的PD患者（Kamei S等人：2010年）和认知障碍患者（Morita A等人：2011年）的qEEG改变。ExD患者在额叶和额极位置观察到慢波增加，而痴呆患者在所有位置均有慢波增加。最近的一份报告显示，qEEG结果有可能用作PD中痴呆发病率的预测生物标志物（Klassen BT，2011年）。因此，qEEG分析不仅是研究病理生理结果的有用工具，也是痴呆的预测生物标志物。ERP也是评估PD神经心理损伤的有用工具。在经典的oddball任务中，目标刺激可诱发P3。PD中的P3b结果显示不一致，某些研究显示无变化，而其他研究显示P3b潜伏期延长，以及P3b波幅降低和增加。然而，在伴有痴呆的PD患者中一直观察到P3b潜伏期延长。最近已使用ERP技术评估了PD中的视觉认知功能障碍和面部表情识别。ERP在详细评估PD认知功能障碍方面具有很高的应用潜力。
