Belfry Kimberly D, Deibel Scott H, Kolla Nathan J
Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 18;11:550597. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550597. eCollection 2020.
A growing body of evidence links the late chronotype to mental illness, aggression, and aversive personality traits. However, much of what we know about these associations is based on healthy cohorts, and it is unclear how individuals with high levels of aggression, including forensic psychiatric populations, but not offenders, are affected. The present study aimed to measure chronotype in a forensic psychiatric inpatient population, evaluate the impact of diagnosis, and identify any interactive relationships between chronotype, diagnosis, aggression, and dark triad traits. Subjects completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form (BPAQ-SF), and Short Dark Triad Questionnaire (SD3). We sampled 55 forensic psychiatric patients (52 males) between the ages of 23 and 73 years (mean ± SD: 39.6 ± 14.3 years). Among the patients sampled, 25% were evening types and 36% were morning types. Eveningness was greater in patients with a personality disorder; however, no chronotype differences were found for psychosis patients. Patients without psychosis had a positive association between anger and eveningness, as well as between hostility and eveningness. For subjects with a substance use disorder, morningness was positively associated with narcissism. Conversely, an association between eveningness and greater narcissism was identified in patients who did not have a substance use disorder. These findings suggest that, compared to the general population, evening types are more prevalent in forensic psychiatric populations, with the strongest preference among patients diagnosed with a personality disorder. No differences in chronotype were identified for psychosis patients, which may be related to anti-psychotic medication dosing. Given the sex distribution of the sample, these findings may be more relevant to male populations.
越来越多的证据表明，晚睡型与精神疾病、攻击性和厌恶型人格特质有关。然而，我们对这些关联的了解大多基于健康人群，尚不清楚包括法医精神病学人群（而非罪犯）在内的高攻击性个体受到了怎样的影响。本研究旨在测量法医精神病住院患者的昼夜节律类型，评估诊断的影响，并确定昼夜节律类型、诊断、攻击性和黑暗三性格特质之间的任何交互关系。受试者完成了简化版晨型-夜型问卷（rMEQ）、慕尼黑昼夜节律类型问卷（MCTQ）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、布斯-佩里攻击性问卷简版（BPAQ-SF）和黑暗三性格问卷简版（SD3）。我们对55名年龄在23至73岁之间（平均±标准差：39.6±14.3岁）的法医精神病患者（52名男性）进行了抽样。在抽样患者中，25%为夜型，36%为晨型。人格障碍患者的夜型倾向更明显；然而，精神病患者在昼夜节律类型上没有差异。没有精神病的患者，愤怒与夜型之间以及敌意与夜型之间呈正相关。对于患有物质使用障碍的受试者，晨型与自恋呈正相关。相反，在没有物质使用障碍的患者中，夜型与更高的自恋之间存在关联。这些发现表明，与普通人群相比，夜型在法医精神病学人群中更为普遍，在被诊断为人格障碍的患者中偏好最为明显。精神病患者在昼夜节律类型上没有差异，这可能与抗精神病药物剂量有关。鉴于样本的性别分布，这些发现可能与男性人群更为相关。
