Kendler Kenneth S, Myers John M, Keyes Corey L M
Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2011 Dec;14(6):516-23. doi: 10.1375/twin.14.6.516.
To determine the relationship between the genetic and environmental risk factors for externalizing psychopathology and mental wellbeing, we examined detailed measures of emotional, social and psychological wellbeing, and a history of alcohol-related problems and smoking behavior in the last year in 1,386 individual twins from same-sex pairs from the MIDUS national US sample assessed in 1995. Cholesky decomposition analyses were performed withthe Mx program. The best fit model contained one highly heritable common externalizing psychopathology factor for both substance use/abuse measures, and one strongly heritable common factor for the three wellbeing measures. Genetic and environmental risk factors for externalizing psychopathology were both negatively associated with levels of mental wellbeing and accounted for, respectively, 7% and 21% of its genetic and environmental influences. Adding internalizing psychopathology assessed in the last year to the model, genetic risk factors unique for externalizing psychopathology were now positively related to levels of mental wellbeing, although accounting for only 5% of the genetic variance. Environmental risk factors unique to externalizing psychopathology continued to be negatively associated with mental wellbeing, accounting for 26% of the environmental variance. When both internalizing psychopathology and externalizing psychopathology are associated with mental wellbeing, the strongest risk factors for low mental wellbeing are genetic factors that impact on both internalizing psychopathology and externalizing psychopathology, and environmental factors unique to externalizing psychopathology. In this model, genetic risk factors for externalizing psychopathology predict, albeit weakly, higher levels of mental wellbeing.
为了确定外化性精神病理学和心理健康的遗传及环境风险因素之间的关系，我们对1995年从美国MIDUS全国样本中选取的1386对同性双胞胎个体进行了研究，考察了他们详细的情绪、社交和心理健康指标，以及过去一年中与酒精相关问题和吸烟行为的历史。使用Mx程序进行了Cholesky分解分析。最佳拟合模型包含一个针对物质使用/滥用指标的高度可遗传的共同外化性精神病理学因素，以及一个针对三个心理健康指标的强可遗传共同因素。外化性精神病理学的遗传和环境风险因素均与心理健康水平呈负相关，分别占其遗传和环境影响的7%和21%。在模型中加入去年评估的内化性精神病理学指标后，外化性精神病理学特有的遗传风险因素现在与心理健康水平呈正相关，尽管仅占遗传方差的5%。外化性精神病理学特有的环境风险因素继续与心理健康呈负相关，占环境方差的26%。当内化性精神病理学和外化性精神病理学都与心理健康相关时，心理健康水平低的最强风险因素是影响内化性精神病理学和外化性精神病理学的遗传因素，以及外化性精神病理学特有的环境因素。在这个模型中，外化性精神病理学的遗传风险因素尽管预测能力较弱，但与较高的心理健康水平相关。
