The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012;9(5):289-97. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2012.668658.
Twenty-nine commercial pesticide applicator households in eastern Iowa were enrolled to investigate in-home contamination of atrazine, the most commonly used corn herbicide in the Unites States. From each home, four vacuum dust samples were collected during atrazine application season (Visit 1) and again 6 months later during winter months (Visit 2). Samples were taken from the following locations: primary entryway for pesticide applicator, living room, master bedroom, and kitchen. The applicator completed an atrazine handling log and household questionnaire with spouse. Of the 230 dust samples, only 2 were below the level of detection, 2 ng of atrazine per gram (ng/g) of fine dust (dust particle size 5-150 μm). Dust levels were standardized to chemical loading. During application season the entryway (2.68 ng/cm(2)) and kitchen (0.47 ng/cm(2)) had the highest geometric mean atrazine chemical loading. The entryway chemical loading during Visit 2 was the second highest aggregate (0.55 ng/cm(2)). Aggregate concentrations were significantly higher at Visit 1 compared with Visit 2 when paired by location (p≤0.02). Analysis showed that job (application, mixing/loading, or both) was not associated with in-home atrazine contamination. Linear regression showed a strong positive association between atrazine handling (number of acres applied with atrazine, number of days atrazine handled, and pounds of atrazine handled) and aggregate dust chemical loading from both visits (p = 0.06, 0.03, and 0.10, respectively). Frequency of vacuuming was inversely associated with Visit 2 concentrations (p = 0.10) and showed a weaker association with Visit 1 (p = 0.30). Removing shoes outside the home was associated with lower atrazine chemical loading (p = 0.03), and applicators changing work clothes in the master bedroom had significantly increased atrazine chemical loading in master bedrooms (p = 0.01). Changes in hygiene practices for commercial pesticide applicators could significantly reduce atrazine and, likely, other pesticide contaminations in the home.
29 户爱荷华州东部的商业农药施用者家庭参与了这项研究，旨在调查美国最常用的玉米除草剂莠去津在家中的污染情况。从每个家庭中，在莠去津施用季节（第 1 次访问）收集了 4 个真空粉尘样本，然后在冬季的 6 个月后（第 2 次访问）再次收集。采样地点包括：农药施用者的主要入口、客厅、主卧和厨房。施用者及其配偶填写了莠去津处理记录和家庭问卷。在 230 个粉尘样本中，只有 2 个低于检测水平，即每克细粉尘（粒径 5-150μm）中有 2ng 的莠去津（ng/g）。粉尘水平按化学负荷进行标准化。在施用季节，入口（2.68ng/cm(2)）和厨房（0.47ng/cm(2)）的莠去津化学负荷最高。第 2 次访问时，入口处的化学负荷（0.55ng/cm(2)）是第二大总和。按地点配对时，第 1 次访问时的总浓度显著高于第 2 次访问（p≤0.02）。分析表明，工作（施用、混合/装载或两者兼有）与家中的莠去津污染无关。线性回归显示，莠去津处理（施用莠去津的英亩数、处理莠去津的天数和处理莠去津的磅数）与两次访问的总灰尘化学负荷之间存在很强的正相关关系（p=0.06、0.03 和 0.10）。家庭吸尘频率与第 2 次访问时的浓度呈反比（p=0.10），与第 1 次访问时的相关性较弱（p=0.30）。在家外脱鞋与较低的莠去津化学负荷有关（p=0.03），而施用者在主卧室更换工作服会导致主卧室中的莠去津化学负荷显著增加（p=0.01）。商业农药施用者改变卫生习惯可以显著减少莠去津以及家中其他农药的污染。
