Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Clemson University Advanced Materials Center, 100 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, West London, UB83PH, UK.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2012 May 15;35(1):14-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.016. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
The implantable enzyme amperometric biosensor continues as the dominant in vivo format for the detection, monitoring and reporting of biochemical analytes related to a wide range of pathologies. Widely used in animal studies, there is increasing emphasis on their use in diabetes care and management, the management of trauma-associated hemorrhage and in critical care monitoring by intensivists in the ICU. These frontier opportunities demand continuous indwelling performance for up to several years, well in excess of the currently approved seven days. This review outlines the many challenges to successful deployment of chronically implantable amperometric enzyme biosensors and emphasizes the emerging technological approaches in their continued development. The foreign body response plays a prominent role in implantable biotransducer failure. Topics considering the approaches to mitigate the inflammatory response, use of biomimetic chemistries, nanostructured topographies, drug eluting constructs, and tissue-to-device interface modulus matching are reviewed. Similarly, factors that influence biotransducer performance such as enzyme stability, substrate interference, mediator selection and calibration are reviewed. For the biosensor system, the opportunities and challenges of integration, guided by footprint requirements, the limitations of mixed signal electronics, and power requirements, has produced three systems approaches. The potential is great. However, integration along the multiple length scales needed to address fundamental issues and integration across the diverse disciplines needed to achieve success of these highly integrated systems, continues to be a challenge in the development and deployment of implantable amperometric enzyme biosensor systems.
植入式酶电流生物传感器仍然是检测、监测和报告与广泛病理相关的生化分析物的主要体内检测形式。该传感器广泛应用于动物研究，目前越来越强调将其用于糖尿病护理和管理、创伤相关出血的管理以及重症监护病房中的重症监护监测。这些前沿机会需要持续的留置性能，长达数年，远远超过目前批准的七天。这篇综述概述了成功部署慢性植入式电流生物传感器面临的许多挑战，并强调了其持续发展的新兴技术方法。异物反应在植入式生物传感器的失效中起着重要作用。本文讨论了减轻炎症反应的方法、仿生化学、纳米结构拓扑、药物洗脱结构和组织-器件界面模量匹配的应用，以改善生物传感器的性能。同样，酶稳定性、基质干扰、介体选择和校准等影响生物传感器性能的因素也进行了综述。对于生物传感器系统，根据足迹要求、混合信号电子的限制以及功率要求进行集成的机会和挑战，产生了三种系统方法。潜力是巨大的。然而，要解决基本问题，需要在多个长度尺度上进行集成，要实现这些高度集成系统的成功，需要跨越不同的学科进行集成，这在植入式电流生物传感器系统的开发和部署中仍然是一个挑战。
