Walther Brandon K, Dinu Cerasela Zoica, Guldi Dirk M, Sergeyev Vladimir G, Creager Stephen E, Cooke John P, Guiseppi-Elie Anthony
Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Mater Today (Kidlington). 2020 Oct;39:23-46. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 May 14.
Graphene and carbon quantum dots (GQDs and CQDs) are relatively new nanomaterials that have demonstrated impact in multiple different fields thanks to their unique quantum properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biosensing, analyte detection and monitoring wherein a key feature is coupled molecular recognition and signal transduction, is one such field that is being greatly advanced by the use of GQDs and CQDs. In this review, recent progress on the development of biotransducers and biosensors enabled by the creative use of GQDs and CQDs is reviewed, with special emphasis on how these materials specifically interface with biomolecules to improve overall analyte detection. This review also introduces nano-enabled biotransducers and different biosensing configurations and strategies, as well as highlights key properties of GQDs and CQDs that are pertinent to functional biotransducer design. Following relevant introductory material, the literature is surveyed with emphasis on work performed over the last 5 years. General comments and suggestions to advance the direction and potential of the field are included throughout the review. The strategic purpose is to inspire and guide future investigations into biosensor design for quality and safety, as well as serve as a primer for developing GQD- and CQD-based biosensors.
石墨烯和碳量子点（GQDs和CQDs）是相对较新的纳米材料，由于其独特的量子特性和出色的生物相容性，已在多个不同领域展现出影响力。生物传感、分析物检测与监测（其中一个关键特征是分子识别与信号转导相结合）就是这样一个因使用GQDs和CQDs而得到极大推动的领域。在本综述中，我们回顾了通过创造性地使用GQDs和CQDs实现生物传感器和生物换能器发展的最新进展，特别强调了这些材料如何与生物分子特异性结合以改善整体分析物检测。本综述还介绍了纳米生物换能器以及不同的生物传感配置和策略，并突出了与功能性生物换能器设计相关的GQDs和CQDs的关键特性。在介绍相关材料之后，我们对文献进行了调研，重点关注过去五年所开展的工作。在整个综述中都包含了对推动该领域方向和潜力的一般性评论和建议。其战略目的是激发和指导未来对质量与安全生物传感器设计的研究，并作为开发基于GQD和CQD的生物传感器的入门指南。
