Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 3037 AB, The Netherlands.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 May;16(5):285-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
It has been repeatedly shown that, when people have experiences that are inconsistent with their expectations, they engage in a variety of compensatory efforts. Although there have been many superficially different accounts for these behaviors, a potentially unifying inconsistency compensation perspective is currently coalescing. Following from a common prediction error/conflict monitoring mechanism, any given inconsistency is understood as evoking a common syndrome of aversive arousal. In turn, this aversive arousal is understood to motivate palliative efforts, which manifest as the analogous compensation behaviors reported within different psychological literatures. Based on this perspective, compensation efforts following both 'high-level' (e.g., attitudinal dissonance) and 'low-level' (e.g., Stroop task color/word mismatches) inconsistencies can now be understood in terms of a common motivational account.
已经反复证明，当人们的经历与他们的期望不一致时，他们会进行各种补偿努力。尽管这些行为有许多表面上不同的解释，但目前正在形成一种潜在的统一的不一致性补偿视角。基于一个共同的预测误差/冲突监测机制，任何给定的不一致性都被理解为引发了一种厌恶唤醒的共同综合征。反过来，这种厌恶唤醒被理解为激励缓解努力，这表现为在不同的心理学文献中报告的类似的补偿行为。基于这一观点，现在可以根据一个共同的动机解释来理解“高级”（例如，态度不和谐）和“低级”（例如，斯特鲁普任务颜色/单词不匹配）不一致之后的补偿努力。
