Department of Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012 Jul;67(4):471-80. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs045. Epub 2012 Apr 29.
To study long-term effects of psychosocial work stress in mid-life on health functioning after labor market exit using two established work stress models.
In the frame of the prospective French Gazel cohort study, data on psychosocial work stress were assessed using the full questionnaires measuring the demand-control-support model (in 1997 and 1999) and the effort-reward imbalance model (in 1998). In 2007, health functioning was assessed, using the Short Form 36 mental and physical component scores. Multivariate regressions were calculated to predict health functioning in 2007, controlling for age, gender, social position, and baseline self-perceived health.
Consistent effects of both work stress models and their single components on mental and physical health functioning during retirement were observed. Effects remained significant after adjustment including baseline self-perceived health. Whereas the predictive power of both work stress models was similar in the case of the physical composite score, in the case of the mental health score, values of model fit were slightly higher for the effort-reward imbalance model (R(2): 0.13) compared with the demand-control model (R²: 0.11).
Findings underline the importance of working conditions in midlife not only for health in midlife but also for health functioning after labor market exit.
使用两种已确立的工作压力模型，研究中年时期的心理社会工作压力对劳动力市场退出后健康功能的长期影响。
在法国 Gazel 前瞻性队列研究的框架内，使用全面的问卷评估心理社会工作压力，该问卷测量需求-控制-支持模型（1997 年和 1999 年）和努力-回报失衡模型（1998 年）。2007 年，使用 36 项简短形式的精神和身体成分评分评估健康功能。计算多元回归方程，以预测 2007 年的健康功能，控制年龄、性别、社会地位和基线自我感知健康。
观察到两种工作压力模型及其单一成分对退休后心理健康和身体健康功能的一致影响。在包括基线自我感知健康的调整后，这些影响仍然显著。虽然两种工作压力模型在身体综合评分的情况下预测能力相似，但在心理健康评分的情况下，努力-回报失衡模型的模型拟合值略高于需求-控制模型（R²：0.13 对 R²：0.11）。
研究结果强调了中年时期工作条件的重要性，不仅对中年时期的健康，而且对劳动力市场退出后的健康功能都有重要影响。
