Departament de Salut, Generalitat of Catalonia, Spain.
Prev Med. 2012 Jun;54(6):434-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.009. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing cases of influenza requiring hospitalization.
We performed a multicenter case-control study in 36 hospitals, in 2010 in Spain. Hospitalized influenza cases confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and three matched controls (two hospital and one community control) per case were selected. The use of non-pharmacological measures seven days before the onset of symptoms (frequency of hand washing, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and handwashing after touching contaminated surfaces) was collected.
We studied 813 cases hospitalized for influenza and 2274 controls. The frequency of hand washing 5-10 times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.65) and >10 times (aOR=0.59) and handwashing after contact with contaminated surfaces (aOR=0.65) were protective factors and were dose-responsive (p<0.001). Alcohol-based hand sanitizers were associated with marginal benefits (aOR=0.82).
Frequent handwashing should be recommended to prevent influenza cases requiring hospitalization.
本研究旨在探讨非药物干预措施在预防需要住院治疗的流感病例方面的有效性。
我们在 2010 年于西班牙的 36 家医院进行了一项多中心病例对照研究。选择经逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）确诊的住院流感病例，每个病例匹配 3 名对照（2 名医院对照和 1 名社区对照）。收集病例发病前 7 天使用非药物措施（洗手频率、使用含酒精的手部消毒剂和接触污染表面后手的清洗）的数据。
我们研究了 813 例因流感住院的病例和 2274 例对照。洗手 5-10 次（调整后的优势比[aOR]=0.65）和 >10 次（aOR=0.59）以及接触污染表面后手的清洗（aOR=0.65）是保护因素，且呈剂量反应关系（p<0.001）。使用含酒精的手部消毒剂与边缘效益相关（aOR=0.82）。
应推荐经常洗手以预防需要住院治疗的流感病例。
