Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, New York, NY 10065, United States.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2012 Oct;22(5-6):428-36. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.04.009. Epub 2012 May 4.
MicroRNAs have emerged as important modulators of gene expression. Both during development and disease, regulation by miRNAs controls the choice between self-renewal and differentiation, survival and apoptosis and dictates how cells respond to external stimuli. In mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells, a surprisingly small set of miRNAs, encoded by four polycistronic genes is at the center of such decisions. miR-290-295, miR-302-367, miR-17-92 and miR-106b-25 encode for miRNAs with highly related sequences that seem to control largely overlapping gene sets. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of these miRNAs in the maintenance of 'stemness' and regulation of normal development and have linked the deregulation of their expression to a variety of human diseases.
微小 RNA 已成为基因表达的重要调控因子。无论是在发育过程中还是在疾病中，miRNA 的调控都控制着自我更新和分化、生存和凋亡之间的选择，并决定了细胞如何对外界刺激做出反应。在小鼠多能胚胎干细胞中，一小部分 miRNA 由四个多顺反子基因编码，处于这些决定的中心。miR-290-295、miR-302-367、miR-17-92 和 miR-106b-25 编码具有高度相关序列的 miRNA，似乎控制着大部分重叠的基因集。最近的研究强调了这些 miRNA 在维持“干性”和调节正常发育中的重要性，并将它们表达的失调与多种人类疾病联系起来。
