Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Int J Sports Med. 2012 Sep;33(9):683-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1304633. Epub 2012 May 4.
Sedentary habits are largely responsible for the alarming rise in the prevalence of hypertension among young individuals. Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce not only blood pressure (BP) in resting conditions but also BP reactivity to stressors. Much less is known about the long-term effects of physical activity on target organ damage in hypertension. Some studies have documented that exercise is able to decrease rather than increase left ventricular mass and that even competitive athletics have beneficial effects on the heart. In addition, physical activity during leisure has been found to be inversely associated with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and to delay aging dependent arterial stiffness. Isolated systolic hypertension in physically active young people is often an innocent clinical condition caused by an elevated pulse pressure amplification and low wave arterial reflection from peripheral sites, due to increased arterial elasticity. The above findings support a strategy of exercise training as an initial approach in the management of young sedentary patients in the early stages of hypertension. Caution should be used in subjects with more severe hypertension and every hypertensive athlete should be thoroughly investigated to exclude target organ damage and coronary artery disease.
久坐的习惯是导致年轻人中高血压患病率惊人上升的主要原因。有研究表明，规律的有氧运动不仅可以降低静息状态下的血压（BP），还可以降低血压对压力源的反应性。关于身体活动对高血压靶器官损伤的长期影响，我们知之甚少。一些研究记录表明，运动能够降低而不是增加左心室质量，即使是竞技运动对心脏也有有益的影响。此外，休闲时的体力活动与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的进展呈负相关，并延缓与年龄相关的动脉僵硬。在活跃的年轻人中孤立性收缩期高血压通常是一种良性的临床状况，是由于外周部位脉搏压放大和波动脉反射升高引起的，这是由于动脉弹性增加所致。上述发现支持将运动训练作为治疗高血压早期久坐不动的年轻患者的初始方法。对于血压较高的患者应谨慎使用，并且应彻底检查每个高血压运动员，以排除靶器官损伤和冠状动脉疾病。
