Patel Seema, Goyal Arun
3 Biotech. 2012 Mar;2(1):1-15. doi: 10.1007/s13205-011-0036-2. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
From time immemorial, mushrooms have been valued by humankind as a culinary wonder and folk medicine in Oriental practice. The last decade has witnessed the overwhelming interest of western research fraternity in pharmaceutical potential of mushrooms. The chief medicinal uses of mushrooms discovered so far are as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, nephroprotective, and anti-microbial agents. The mushrooms credited with success against cancer belong to the genus Phellinus, Pleurotus, Agaricus, Ganoderma, Clitocybe, Antrodia, Trametes, Cordyceps, Xerocomus, Calvatia, Schizophyllum, Flammulina, Suillus, Inonotus, Inocybe, Funlia, Lactarius, Albatrellus, Russula, and Fomes. The anti-cancer compounds play crucial role as reactive oxygen species inducer, mitotic kinase inhibitor, anti-mitotic, angiogenesis inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitor, leading to apoptosis, and eventually checking cancer proliferation. The present review updates the recent findings on the pharmacologically active compounds, their anti-tumor potential, and underlying mechanism of biological action in order to raise awareness for further investigations to develop cancer therapeutics from mushrooms. The mounting evidences from various research groups across the globe, regarding anti-tumor application of mushroom extracts unarguably make it a fast-track research area worth mass attention.
自古以来，蘑菇在东方实践中就被人类视为烹饪佳品和民间药物。在过去十年中，西方研究界对蘑菇的药用潜力产生了浓厚兴趣。目前已发现的蘑菇的主要药用功效包括抗氧化、抗糖尿病、降胆固醇、抗肿瘤、抗癌、免疫调节、抗过敏、肾保护和抗菌等。被认为对癌症有疗效的蘑菇属于桑黄属、侧耳属、蘑菇属、灵芝属、杯伞属、牛樟芝属、栓菌属、虫草属、疣柄牛肝菌属、马勃属、裂褶菌属、金针菇属、滑锈伞属、桦剥管孔菌属、丝盖伞属、小皮伞属、乳菇属、白牛肝菌属、红菇属和木层孔菌属。抗癌化合物作为活性氧诱导剂、有丝分裂激酶抑制剂、抗有丝分裂剂、血管生成抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂发挥着关键作用，导致细胞凋亡，最终抑制癌症扩散。本综述更新了关于药理活性化合物、它们的抗肿瘤潜力以及生物作用潜在机制的最新研究结果，以提高人们对进一步研究从蘑菇中开发癌症治疗方法的认识。全球各研究团队关于蘑菇提取物抗肿瘤应用的越来越多的证据无疑使其成为一个值得广泛关注的快速发展的研究领域。
