Chemistry, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
Phytochemistry. 2012 Jul;79:5-26. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 18.
Since the 1800s, natural health products that contain hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) have been used in North America for the treatment of heart problems such as hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Traditionally, Native American tribes used hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) to treat gastrointestinal ailments and heart problems, and consumed the fruit as food. Hawthorn also has a long history of use in Europe and China for food, and in traditional medicine. Investigations of Crataegus spp. typically focus on the identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanins, which have been shown to have pharmacological activity. The main flavonoids found in Crataegus spp. are hyperoside, vitexin, and additional glycosylated derivatives of these compounds. Reviewed herein are the botany, ethnobotany, and traditional use of hawthorn while focusing on the phytochemicals that have been reported in Crataegus species, and the variation in the described chemistry between individual species.
自 19 世纪以来，含有山楂（Crataegus spp.）的天然保健品就在北美被用于治疗高血压、心绞痛、心律失常和充血性心力衰竭等心脏问题。传统上，美洲原住民部落用山楂（Crataegus spp.）来治疗胃肠道疾病和心脏问题，并将其果实作为食物食用。山楂在欧洲和中国也有着悠久的食用和传统药用历史。对山楂属植物的研究通常集中在鉴定和定量分析类黄酮和花青素上，这些物质已被证明具有药理学活性。山楂属植物中发现的主要类黄酮是金丝桃苷、牡荆素和这些化合物的额外糖基化衍生物。本文综述了山楂的植物学、民族植物学和传统用途，重点介绍了已在山楂属植物中报道的植物化学物质，以及不同种间描述的化学成分的变化。
