Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
Front Plant Sci. 2012 Apr 5;3:67. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00067. eCollection 2012.
In all eukaryotes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a central role in protein folding and maturation of secretory and membrane proteins. Upon translocation into the ER polypeptides are immediately subjected to folding and modifications involving the formation of disulfide bridges, assembly of subunits to multi-protein complexes, and glycosylation. During these processes incompletely folded, terminally misfolded, and unassembled proteins can accumulate which endanger the cellular homeostasis and subsequently the survival of cells and tissues. Consequently, organisms have developed a quality control system to cope with this problem and remove the unwanted protein load from the ER by a process collectively referred to as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Recent studies in Arabidopsis have identified plant ERAD components involved in the degradation of aberrant proteins and evidence was provided for a specific role in abiotic stress tolerance. In this short review we discuss our current knowledge about this important cellular pathway.
在内所有真核生物中，内质网（ER）在蛋白质折叠和分泌蛋白及膜蛋白的成熟中起着核心作用。多肽一旦转入内质网，就会立即经历折叠和修饰过程，包括形成二硫键、亚基组装成多蛋白复合物以及糖基化。在此过程中，未完全折叠、末端错误折叠和未组装的蛋白质会积累，这会危及细胞的内稳态，并随后导致细胞和组织的存活受到威胁。因此，生物体已经开发出一种质量控制系统来应对这个问题，并通过一个被统称为内质网相关降解（ERAD）途径的过程，从 ER 中去除不需要的蛋白质负荷。最近在拟南芥中的研究已经确定了参与降解异常蛋白的植物 ERAD 成分，并为其在非生物胁迫耐受中的特定作用提供了证据。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对这条重要细胞通路的了解。
