State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Plant Commun. 2021 Apr 16;2(3):100186. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100186. eCollection 2021 May 10.
Accumulating evidence has revealed that the ubiquitin proteasome system plays fundamental roles in the regulation of diverse cellular activities in eukaryotes. The ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) are central to the proteasome system because of their ability to determine its substrate specificity. Several studies have demonstrated the essential role of a group of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-localized E3s in the positive or negative regulation of cell homeostasis. Most ER-related E3s are conserved between plants and mammals, and a few plant-specific components have been reported. In this review, we summarize the functions of ER-related E3s in plant growth, ER-associated protein degradation and ER-phagy, abiotic and biotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Furthermore, we highlight several questions that remain to be addressed and suggest directions for further research on ER-related E3 ubiquitin ligases.
越来越多的证据表明，泛素蛋白酶体系统在真核生物中对各种细胞活动的调节中起着基础性作用。泛素蛋白连接酶 (E3s) 是蛋白酶体系统的核心，因为它们能够确定其底物特异性。一些研究已经证明了一组定位于内质网 (ER) 的 E3s 在细胞内稳态的正或负调节中的重要作用。大多数 ER 相关的 E3s 在植物和哺乳动物之间是保守的，并且已经报道了一些植物特异性的成分。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 ER 相关 E3s 在植物生长、ER 相关蛋白降解和 ER 自噬、非生物和生物胁迫反应以及激素信号转导中的功能。此外，我们还强调了一些有待解决的问题，并为进一步研究 ER 相关 E3 泛素连接酶提出了研究方向。
