Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Feb 28;109(4):648-57. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512001717. Epub 2012 May 31.
The popularity of high-protein diets for weight reduction is immense. However, the potential benefits from altering the source of dietary protein rather than the amount is scarcely investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of fish protein supplement on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight adults. A total of thirty-four overweight adults were randomised to 8 weeks' supplementation with fish protein or placebo tablets (controls). The intake of fish protein supplement was 3 g/d for the first 4 weeks and 6 g/d for the last 4 weeks. In this study, 8 weeks of fish protein supplementation resulted in lower values of fasting glucose (P< 0·05), 2 h postprandial glucose (P< 0·05) and glucose-area under the curve (AUC) (five measurements over 2 h, P< 0·05) after fish protein supplementation compared to controls. Glucose-AUC was decreased after 8 weeks with fish protein supplement compared to baseline (P< 0·05), concomitant with increased 30 min and decreased 90 min and 2 h insulin C-peptide level (P< 0·05), and reduced LDL-cholesterol (P< 0·05). Body muscle % was increased (P< 0·05) and body fat % was reduced (P< 0·05) after 4 weeks' supplementation. Physical activity and energy and macronutrients intake did not change during the course of the study. In conclusion, short-term daily supplementation with a low dose of fish protein may have beneficial effects on blood levels of glucose and LDL-cholesterol as well as glucose tolerance and body composition in overweight adults. The long-term effects of fish protein supplementation is of interest in the context of using more fish as a protein source in the diet, and the effects of inclusion of fish in the diet of individuals with low glucose tolerance should be evaluated.
高蛋白饮食在减肥方面的普及程度非常高。然而，改变膳食蛋白质的来源而非数量可能带来的潜在益处却鲜少被研究。在本研究中，我们研究了鱼蛋白补充剂对超重成年人葡萄糖和脂质代谢的影响。共有 34 名超重成年人被随机分为 8 周的鱼蛋白补充剂或安慰剂片剂（对照组）补充。在最初的 4 周内，每天摄入 3 克鱼蛋白补充剂，最后 4 周则增加到 6 克。在这项研究中，与对照组相比，鱼蛋白补充剂 8 周后空腹血糖（P<0·05）、餐后 2 小时血糖（P<0·05）和血糖曲线下面积（AUC）（5 次 2 小时测量，P<0·05）均降低。与基线相比，鱼蛋白补充剂 8 周后血糖 AUC 降低（P<0·05），同时胰岛素 C 肽水平在 30 分钟时增加，90 分钟和 2 小时时降低（P<0·05），LDL 胆固醇降低（P<0·05）。4 周补充后，身体肌肉百分比增加（P<0·05），体脂百分比降低（P<0·05）。在研究过程中，身体活动和能量以及宏量营养素的摄入量没有变化。总之，短期每天补充低剂量的鱼蛋白可能对超重成年人的血糖和 LDL 胆固醇水平以及葡萄糖耐量和身体成分有有益影响。在将更多鱼类作为饮食中蛋白质来源的背景下，鱼蛋白补充的长期影响很有意义，应该评估将鱼类纳入血糖耐量低的个体饮食中的效果。
