Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Feb;41(2):136-45. doi: 10.1002/uog.11204.
The perinatal literature includes several potentially confusing and controversial terms and concepts related to fetal size and growth. This article discusses fetal growth from an obstetric perspective and addresses various issues including the physiologic mechanisms that determine fetal growth trajectories, known risk factors for abnormal fetal growth, diagnostic and prognostic issues related to restricted and excessive growth and temporal trends in fetal growth. Also addressed are distinctions between fetal growth 'standards' and fetal growth 'references', and between fetal growth charts based on estimated fetal weight vs those based on birth weight. Other concepts discussed include the incidence of fetal growth restriction in pregnancy (does the frequency of fetal growth restriction increase or decrease with increasing gestation?), the obstetric implications of studies showing associations between fetal growth and adult chronic illnesses (such as coronary heart disease) and the need for customizing fetal growth standards.
围产医学文献中包含了一些与胎儿大小和生长相关的、可能令人困惑和有争议的术语和概念。本文从产科角度讨论胎儿生长，并涉及各种问题，包括决定胎儿生长轨迹的生理机制、已知的与异常胎儿生长相关的风险因素、与受限和过度生长相关的诊断和预后问题以及胎儿生长的时间趋势。本文还讨论了胎儿生长“标准”和胎儿生长“参考值”之间的区别，以及基于估计胎儿体重和基于出生体重的胎儿生长曲线之间的区别。本文讨论的其他概念包括妊娠中胎儿生长受限的发生率（随着胎龄的增加，胎儿生长受限的频率是增加还是减少？）、显示胎儿生长与成人慢性疾病（如冠心病）之间存在关联的研究对产科的影响，以及定制胎儿生长标准的必要性。
