National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Parasit Vectors. 2012 May 31;5:106. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-106.
Malaria re-emerged in the Huang-Huai Plain of central China during 2006-2008, dominated with Anopheles sinensis as a vector. However, there is no information on strategies based on multi-factor analysis to effectively control the re-emergence of malaria in these areas. Previous experience indicates some relationship between the distribution of water bodies and malaria cases, but more detailed data are not available and in-depth studies have not been conducted up to now. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between the distribution of water bodies and presentation of malaria cases using spatial analysis tools in order to provide guidance to help formulate effective strategies for use in controlling the sources of malaria infection, based on the identification of risk areas and population.
The geographic information of malaria cases and their surrounding water bodies were collected from Suixi, Guoyang, Guzhen, Yingshang, Fengyang and Yongqiao County in Anhui province, Yongcheng and Tongbai County in Henan province. All malaria cases distributed in 113 villages in these 8 counties were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and confirmed by household investigation. Data on GIS and malaria cases were mapped and analyzed with the software of ArcGIS 9.2 to identify the spatial correlation between malaria cases and water bodies. The distance from households with malaria cases to the nearest water bodies was used to calculate the OR value by Chi-square test. The risk area was identified through the comparison of OR values in different distances.
357 malaria cases and their GPS data as well as surrounding water bodies were collected and analyzed. 74% of malaria cases were located within the extent of 60 m proximity to the water bodies. The risk rate of people living there and presenting with malaria was significantly higher than others (OR = 1.6,95%CI (1.042, 2.463),P < 0.05).
The results revealed that distribution of water bodies is an important factor influencing the occurrence and distribution of malaria cases in the An.sinensis areas, and implies that the scope and population within 60 m around water bodies are at risk and could be a targeted population for case management of malaria.
2006-2008 年，中国中部的黄淮海平原疟疾再次出现，主要传播媒介为中华按蚊。然而，目前尚无基于多因素分析的有效控制这些地区疟疾再次出现的策略信息。以往的经验表明，水体分布与疟疾病例之间存在一定关系，但目前尚无更详细的数据，也未进行深入研究。本研究旨在利用空间分析工具确定水体分布与疟疾病例发生之间的关系，以便在识别感染源风险区域和人群的基础上，为制定有效的控制策略提供指导。
从安徽省濉溪、涡阳、固镇、颍上、凤阳和永城以及河南省的永城和桐柏县收集疟疾病例及其周围水体的地理信息。从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集并经家庭调查确认的安徽省 8 个县和河南省 2 个县 113 个村的所有疟疾病例均被纳入研究。利用 GIS 和疟疾病例数据，采用 ArcGIS 9.2 软件进行映射和分析，以确定疟疾病例与水体之间的空间相关性。利用病例家庭与最近水体的距离，采用卡方检验计算 OR 值。通过比较不同距离的 OR 值，确定风险区域。
共收集和分析了 357 例疟疾病例及其 GPS 数据以及周围水体。74%的疟疾病例位于距离水体 60m 范围内。居住在该范围内并患有疟疾的人群的风险率明显高于其他人群（OR=1.6，95%CI（1.042，2.463），P<0.05）。
研究结果表明，水体分布是影响中华按蚊地区疟疾病例发生和分布的重要因素，这意味着距离水体 60m 范围内的范围和人群存在风险，可能是疟疾病例管理的目标人群。
