Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA.
Dermatitis. 2012 May-Jun;23(3):102-9. doi: 10.1097/DER.0b013e31825228cf.
Vaccines are composed of immunogens, preservatives, adjuvants, antibiotics, and manufacturing by-products. Components of vaccines may rarely elicit adverse reactions in susceptible individuals, thus raising concerns regarding vaccine safety. In this report, we add to the medical literature 3 cases of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity to the vaccine preservative aluminum. We provide a review of major constituents in vaccines that have elicited immediate-type or delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and describe their clinical manifestations. We include a table of the Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines, which lists the quantities of major components including ovalbumin (egg protein), gelatin, aluminum, neomycin, 2-phenoxyethanol, thimerosal, and formaldehyde. Our goals were to inform physicians on the variety of hypersensitivity reactions to common vaccines and to provide information on the choice of vaccines in patients with suspected hypersensitivity.
疫苗由免疫原、防腐剂、佐剂、抗生素和生产副产品组成。疫苗的成分在易感个体中很少引起不良反应，但这引起了人们对疫苗安全性的关注。在本报告中，我们在医学文献中增加了 3 例对疫苗防腐剂铝的皮肤迟发型超敏反应病例。我们回顾了引起速发型或迟发型超敏反应的疫苗中的主要成分，并描述了它们的临床表现。我们列出了食品和药物管理局批准的疫苗表，其中列出了主要成分的数量，包括卵清蛋白（鸡蛋蛋白）、明胶、铝、新霉素、2-苯氧乙醇、硫柳汞和甲醛。我们的目的是让医生了解常见疫苗的各种过敏反应，并为疑似过敏患者提供疫苗选择信息。
