Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Health Educ Res. 2013 Feb;28(1):130-40. doi: 10.1093/her/cys057. Epub 2012 May 30.
Our objective was to assess how exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke occurs in Hungarian homes, particularly among non-smokers, and to examine the effectiveness of home smoking bans in eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke at home. In 2009, 2286 non-smokers and smokers aged 16-70 years, who were selected randomly from a nationally representative sample of 48 Hungarian settlements, completed paper-and-pencil self-administered questionnaires addressing tobacco-related attitudes, opinions and behaviors. Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of demographics, socio-economic characteristics and home smoking policies on the risk of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke at home. Significantly higher risk of exposure was found among younger, lower educated and poorer people and among those having no or partial home smoking restrictions. There was a significant interaction between education level and home smoking policies: the effect of a smoking ban on exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke was stronger for the lower educated group than the higher educated group. The results suggest that Hungarians are making good progress in implementing home smoking bans, and that in the majority of population these bans are working. More can be done to promote the uptake of home smoking bans among poorer and less educated subpopulations.
我们的目的是评估二手烟在匈牙利家庭中的暴露情况，特别是在非吸烟者中，以及检验家庭禁烟令在消除家庭中二手烟暴露方面的效果。2009 年，我们从全国范围内 48 个匈牙利人居住点的随机样本中抽取了 2286 名 16-70 岁的不吸烟者和吸烟者，让他们填写了一份关于烟草相关态度、意见和行为的纸质自填式问卷。我们采用卡方检验、单因素方差分析和多变量逻辑回归模型，评估了人口统计学、社会经济特征和家庭吸烟政策对在家中接触二手烟风险的影响。结果发现，年轻人、受教育程度较低和较贫困的人以及那些家中没有或部分限制吸烟的人，接触二手烟的风险明显更高。教育程度和家庭吸烟政策之间存在显著的交互作用：与受教育程度较高的人相比，禁烟令对受教育程度较低的人接触二手烟的影响更强。结果表明，匈牙利人在实施家庭禁烟令方面取得了良好的进展，在大多数人群中，这些禁令是有效的。在较贫困和受教育程度较低的人群中，还可以做更多的工作来促进家庭禁烟令的实施。
