Cardon Garrett, Campbell Julia, Sharma Anu
Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2012 Jun;23(6):396-411; quiz 495. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.23.6.3.
The developing auditory cortex is highly plastic. As such, the cortex is both primed to mature normally and at risk for reorganizing abnormally, depending upon numerous factors that determine central maturation. From a clinical perspective, at least two major components of development can be manipulated: (1) input to the cortex and (2) the timing of cortical input. Children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) have provided a model of early deprivation of sensory input to the cortex and demonstrated the resulting plasticity and development that can occur upon introduction of stimulation. In this article, we review several fundamental principles of cortical development and plasticity and discuss the clinical applications in children with SNHL and ANSD who receive intervention with hearing aids and/or cochlear implants.
发育中的听觉皮层具有高度可塑性。因此，根据决定中枢成熟的众多因素，该皮层既准备好正常成熟，也有异常重组的风险。从临床角度来看，发育的至少两个主要组成部分可以被操控：（1）皮层的输入和（2）皮层输入的时间。感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）和听觉神经病谱系障碍（ANSD）患儿提供了一个皮层早期感觉输入剥夺的模型，并证明了引入刺激后可能发生的可塑性和发育情况。在本文中，我们回顾了皮层发育和可塑性的几个基本原则，并讨论了在接受助听器和/或人工耳蜗干预的SNHL和ANSD患儿中的临床应用。
