Centre for Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012 Jun 7;10:61. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-61.
The aim of the project was to develop an instrument for the assessment of subjective quality of life specific to schizophrenic persons on the basis of patients' views on their own life and on sound psychometric principles.
The project applied a six-step multiphase development process with six distinct studies. (1) The elicitation of schizophrenic persons' views on their quality of life was based on open-ended interviews with interviewees from different settings (acute ward inpatients, long-term care patients, community care patients; n = 268). (2) A cross-sectional study with schizophrenic and healthy persons was conducted to quantify the relative importance of the various aspect of quality of life that emerged from the qualitative study (n = 143). (3) We conducted an empirical comparison of response formats with schizophrenic persons (n = 32). (4) A scale construction- and reliability-testing study was performed (n = 203) as well as (5) a test-retest reliability study (n = 49). (6) The final questionnaire (QLiS, quality of life in schizophrenia) was tested in an additional study on convergent and discriminant validity (n = 135).
The QLiS comprises 52 items (plus 2 optional items related to work) in 12 subscales: social contacts, appreciation by others, relationship to family, appraisal of pharmacotherapy, appraisal of psychopathological symptoms, cognitive functioning, abilities to manage daily living, appraisal of accommodation/housing, financial situation, leading a 'normal' life, confidence, general life-satisfaction. An item response format with four response categories was preferred by the schizophrenic persons. The mean values of the subscales clustered around the theoretical mean of the subscales and only minimal ceiling effects were found. The reliability (test-retest-reliability and internal consistency) was with one exception > .70 for all subscales.
Taking the low numbers of items per subscale into account, the QLiS can be regarded as an accurate assessment instrument of subjective quality of life in schizophrenia with good content validity.
本项目旨在根据患者对自身生活的看法和可靠的心理测量学原理，开发一种针对精神分裂症患者的主观生活质量评估工具。
该项目应用了六步多阶段开发过程，包括六项独立研究。（1）通过对来自不同环境的受访者（急性病房住院患者、长期护理患者、社区护理患者；n=268）进行开放式访谈，收集精神分裂症患者对其生活质量的看法。（2）对精神分裂症患者和健康人进行横断面研究，以量化定性研究中出现的生活质量各个方面的相对重要性（n=143）。（3）我们对精神分裂症患者进行了响应格式的实证比较（n=32）。（4）进行了量表构建和信度测试研究（n=203）以及（5）重测信度研究（n=49）。（6）最后在一项关于聚合和判别效度的附加研究中测试了最终问卷（QLiS，精神分裂症生活质量）（n=135）。
QLiS 包括 52 个项目（加上与工作相关的 2 个可选项目），分为 12 个分量表：社会联系、他人赞赏、与家人的关系、对药物治疗的评价、对精神病理症状的评价、认知功能、日常生活管理能力、对住所/住房的评价、财务状况、过“正常”生活、信心、总体生活满意度。精神分裂症患者更喜欢采用四个反应类别的项目反应格式。分量表的平均值围绕着分量表的理论平均值聚集，并且仅发现了最小的上限效应。除一个例外外，所有分量表的可靠性（重测信度和内部一致性）均>0.70。
考虑到每个分量表的项目数量较少，QLiS 可以被视为一种具有良好内容效度的精神分裂症主观生活质量的准确评估工具。
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