National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon.
Adv Virus Res. 2012;84:367-402. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00011-7.
In the Mediterranean region, pea, bean, and faba bean production is affected by around 17 major viruses. These viruses do not have the same ecology and consequently require a variety of different preventive measures to control them. Some of these viruses have a narrow host range, such as Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV), and others, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a very wide host range. Such features are important when identifying sources of virus inoculum in a region, and the vectors can transmit viruses from natural reservoirs to the crop plants. Some of these viruses are seed borne and, consequently, can be disseminated long distances through infected seeds. Crop losses caused by these viruses are variable, depending on the sensitivity and susceptibility of the crop to infection. Host resistance genes have been identified for some of these viruses, but in others, such as FBNYV, no resistance genes in faba bean have been identified yet. Significant progress was made in developing precise methods for the identification of these viruses, and new virus problems are being identified every year. This chapter is not intended to be a review for pea, bean, and faba bean viruses, but rather focuses on the major viruses which affect these crops in the Mediterranean basin with focus on the progress made over the past two decades.
在地中海地区，豌豆、菜豆和蚕豆的生产受到大约 17 种主要病毒的影响。这些病毒的生态并不相同，因此需要采取各种不同的预防措施来控制它们。其中一些病毒的宿主范围较窄，例如野豌豆坏死黄斑病毒（FBNYV），而另一些病毒，如紫花苜蓿花叶病毒（AMV）和黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV），则具有非常广泛的宿主范围。这些特征在确定一个地区病毒接种源时非常重要，并且介体可以将病毒从自然宿主传播到作物上。其中一些病毒是种子传播的，因此可以通过感染的种子远距离传播。这些病毒引起的作物损失是可变的，这取决于作物对感染的敏感性和易感性。已经鉴定出一些这些病毒的宿主抗性基因，但在野豌豆坏死黄斑病毒（FBNYV）等其他病毒中，尚未鉴定出野豌豆的抗性基因。在开发这些病毒的精确鉴定方法方面取得了重大进展，并且每年都在发现新的病毒问题。本章不是对豌豆、菜豆和蚕豆病毒的综述，而是侧重于在地中海盆地影响这些作物的主要病毒，并重点介绍过去二十年来取得的进展。
