Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Nov;37(9 Pt B):2099-110. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.009. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
Schizophrenia is associated with impaired attention. The top-down control of attention, defined as the ability to guide and refocus attention in accordance with internal goals and representations, was identified by the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) initiative as an important construct for task development and research. A recent CNTRICS meeting identified three tasks commonly used with rodent models as having high construct validity and promise for further development: The 5-choice serial reaction time task, the 5-choice continuous performance task, and the distractor condition sustained attention task. Here we describe their current status, including data on their neural substrates, evidence for sensitivity to neuropharmacological manipulations and genetic influences, and data from animal models of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. A common strength is the development of parallel human tasks to facilitate connections to the neural circuitry and drug development research done in these animal models. We conclude with recommendations for the steps needed to improve testing so that it better represents the complex biological and behavioral picture presented by schizophrenia.
精神分裂症与注意力受损有关。注意力的自上而下控制，即根据内部目标和表示来引导和重新集中注意力的能力，被认知神经科学治疗研究以改善精神分裂症认知（CNTRICS）计划确定为任务开发和研究的一个重要结构。最近的一次 CNTRICS 会议确定了三种常用于啮齿动物模型的任务，它们具有较高的结构效度，并有望进一步发展：5 选择连续反应时任务、5 选择连续表现任务和分心条件持续注意力任务。在这里，我们描述了它们的现状，包括关于它们的神经基质的数据、对神经药理学操作和遗传影响的敏感性的证据，以及来自精神分裂症认知缺陷的动物模型的数据。一个共同的优势是开发平行的人类任务，以促进与神经回路的联系，并促进在这些动物模型中进行的药物开发研究。我们最后提出了改进测试所需的步骤的建议，以便更好地反映精神分裂症所呈现的复杂生物学和行为情况。
