Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Depress Anxiety. 2012 Jul;29(7):545-62. doi: 10.1002/da.21964. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders and meditative therapies are frequently sought by patients with anxiety as a complementary therapy. Although multiple reviews exist on the general health benefits of meditation, no review has focused on the efficacy of meditation for anxiety specifically.
Major medical databases were searched thoroughly with keywords related to various types of meditation and anxiety. Over 1,000 abstracts were screened, and 200+ full articles were reviewed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The Boutron (Boutron et al., 2005: J Clin Epidemiol 58:1233-1240) checklist to evaluate a report of a nonpharmaceutical trial (CLEAR-NPT) was used to assess study quality; 90% of the authors were contacted for additional information. Review Manager 5 was used for meta-analysis.
A total of 36 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis (2,466 observations). Most RCTs were conducted among patients with anxiety as a secondary concern. The study quality ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 on the 0.0-1.0 scale (mean = 0.72). Standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.52 in comparison with waiting-list control (p < .001; 25 RCTs), -0.59 in comparison with attention control (p < .001; seven RCTs), and -0.27 in comparison with alternative treatments (p < .01; 10 RCTs). Twenty-five studies reported statistically superior outcomes in the meditation group compared to control. No adverse effects were reported.
This review demonstrates some efficacy of meditative therapies in reducing anxiety symptoms, which has important clinical implications for applying meditative techniques in treating anxiety. However, most studies measured only improvement in anxiety symptoms, but not anxiety disorders as clinically diagnosed.
焦虑症是最常见的精神疾病之一，患者经常寻求冥想疗法作为补充治疗。虽然有多项综述关注冥想对整体健康的益处，但尚无专门针对冥想治疗焦虑症的疗效的综述。
使用与各种类型冥想和焦虑相关的关键词，全面搜索主要医学数据库。筛选了 1000 多篇摘要，并审查了 200 多篇全文。仅纳入随机对照试验（RCT）。使用评估非药物试验报告的 Boutron（Boutron 等人，2005：J Clin Epidemiol 58:1233-1240）清单（CLEAR-NPT）评估研究质量；90%的作者被联系以获取更多信息。使用 Review Manager 5 进行荟萃分析。
共有 36 项 RCT 纳入荟萃分析（2466 个观察值）。大多数 RCT 是在以焦虑为次要关注点的患者中进行的。研究质量在 0.0-1.0 量表上的范围为 0.3-1.0（平均值=0.72）。与等待名单对照相比，标准化均数差（SMD）为-0.52（p<.001；25 项 RCT），与注意对照相比为-0.59（p<.001；7 项 RCT），与替代治疗相比为-0.27（p<.01；10 项 RCT）。25 项研究报告冥想组的结果在统计学上优于对照组。未报告不良反应。
本综述表明冥想疗法在减轻焦虑症状方面具有一定疗效，这对将冥想技术应用于治疗焦虑症具有重要的临床意义。然而，大多数研究仅测量了焦虑症状的改善，而不是临床诊断的焦虑症。
