Aspen Sports Medicine Foundation, 100 East Main Street, Suite 101, Aspen, CO 81611, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2012 Aug;40(8):1750-4. doi: 10.1177/0363546512449814. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
The incidence of spinal fractures varies from 1% to 17% in alpine skiing injuries. Distinctions have been made regarding the differences in the mechanisms of injury and fracture types between skiing and snowboarding. Although fracture patterns have been described, there have not been any detailed descriptions of the specific fracture types and subgroups.
To address the patterns of spinal fractures associated with these sports and to determine the incidence of various fracture groups and subgroups as well as to determine whether the fracture patterns differ between skiing and snowboarding injuries.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
This is a retrospective review of thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures associated with either skiing or snowboarding over a period of 5 years. The injuries were classified according to the AO Comprehensive Classification. In addition, isolated transverse process fractures and isolated spinous process fractures were included. Cervical spine fractures were excluded from this study.
There were a total of 119 patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures that were identified after 1,283,348 skiing/snowboarding days. There were a total of 146 fractures, of which 114 were classified according to the AO Comprehensive Classification, with the remaining fractures (n = 32) consisting of isolated transverse or spinous process fractures. The preponderance of these injuries (94.7%) was compression injuries. Burst fractures (A3.1 and A3.2) made up 23%, and simple compression fractures (A1.1, A1.2, and A1.3) made up 71% of the total. Distraction injuries composed only 4.4%, and rotation injuries composed 0.9% of the total. The snowboarders incurred only compression fractures, whereas the 5 distraction injuries and the 1 rotational injury were noted only in the skier population. There were no patients with neurological deficits in this review. Fourteen skiers (14%) and 10 snowboarders (8%) were found to have isolated transverse process fractures. All 6 isolated spinous process fractures (4% of all fractures) were in the thoracic spine.
Thoracic and lumbar fractures caused by skiing and snowboarding are mainly stable injuries, composed of either compression fractures, mostly simple compression injuries, or isolated transverse and spinous process fractures. Neurological injury was not seen in this study.
高山滑雪损伤中脊柱骨折的发生率为 1%至 17%。滑雪和单板滑雪的损伤机制和骨折类型存在差异，因此已有相关区分。尽管已有骨折模式的描述，但尚未对特定骨折类型和亚组进行详细描述。
阐述与这些运动相关的脊柱骨折模式，并确定各种骨折亚组的发生率，以及确定滑雪和单板滑雪损伤的骨折模式是否存在差异。
描述性流行病学研究。
这是一项对 5 年内滑雪或单板滑雪相关的胸腰椎脊柱骨折的回顾性研究。损伤根据 AO 综合分类进行分类。此外，还包括单纯横突骨折和单纯棘突骨折。颈椎骨折不包括在本研究中。
在 1283348 天的滑雪/单板滑雪日中，共发现 119 例胸腰椎骨折患者。共有 146 处骨折，其中 114 处按 AO 综合分类分类，其余 32 处骨折（n=32）为单纯横突或棘突骨折。这些损伤（94.7%）主要为压缩性损伤。爆裂骨折（A3.1 和 A3.2）占 23%，单纯压缩骨折（A1.1、A1.2 和 A1.3）占 71%。牵张损伤仅占 4.4%，旋转损伤占 0.9%。单板滑雪者仅发生压缩性骨折，而 5 例牵张损伤和 1 例旋转损伤仅见于滑雪者。本研究中无神经功能缺损患者。14 名滑雪者（14%）和 10 名单板滑雪者（8%）发生单纯横突骨折。所有 6 例单纯棘突骨折（所有骨折的 4%）均发生在胸腰椎。
滑雪和单板滑雪引起的胸腰椎骨折主要为稳定型损伤，包括压缩性骨折，主要为单纯压缩性骨折，或单纯横突和棘突骨折。本研究中未观察到神经损伤。
