Vandellen Michelle R, Hoyle Rick H, Miller Rebecca
Duke University.
Pers Individ Dif. 2012 Jun 1;52(8):898-902. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.028.
We present and test a theory in which self-control is distinguished from broader acts of self-regulation when it is both effortful and conscious. In two studies, we examined whether acts of behavioral management that do not require effort are exempt from resource depletion. In Study 1, we found that a self-regulation task only reduced subsequent self-control for participants who had previously indicated that completing the task would require effort. In Study 2, we found that participants who completed a self-regulation task for two minutes did not evidence the subsequent impairment in self-control evident for participants who had completed the task for four or more minutes. Our results support the notion that self-regulation without effort falls below the self-control threshold and has different downstream consequences than self-control.
我们提出并检验了一种理论，即当自我控制既需要努力又有意识时，它与更广泛的自我调节行为是有区别的。在两项研究中，我们考察了那些不需要努力的行为管理行为是否不会出现资源耗竭的情况。在研究1中，我们发现，只有那些之前表示完成该任务需要努力的参与者，自我调节任务才会降低其随后的自我控制能力。在研究2中，我们发现，完成两分钟自我调节任务的参与者，并未表现出像那些完成任务四分钟或更长时间的参与者那样，随后出现自我控制能力受损的情况。我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即无需努力的自我调节未达到自我控制的阈值，并且与自我控制有着不同的下游后果。
