Division of Molecular Virology, University of Linköping, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Aug;2(4):408-18. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
While the clinical importance of human rotavirus (RV) disease is well recognized and potent vaccines have been developed, our understanding of how human RV causes diarrhoea, vomiting and death remains unresolved. The fact that oral rehydration corrects electrolyte and water loss, indicates that enterocytes in the small intestine have a functional sodium-glucose co-transporter. Moreover, RV infection delays gastric emptying and loperamide appears to attenuate RV diarrhoea, thereby suggesting activation of the enteric nervous system. Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists attenuate vomiting in young children with gastroenteritis while zinc and enkephalinase inhibitors attenuate RV-induced diarrhoea. In this review we discuss clinical symptoms, pathology, histology and treatment practices for human RV infections and compile the data into a simplified disease model.
虽然人类轮状病毒 (RV) 疾病的临床重要性已得到充分认识，并已开发出有效的疫苗，但我们对人类 RV 如何引起腹泻、呕吐和死亡仍未完全了解。口服补液可纠正电解质和水分丢失这一事实表明，小肠中的肠细胞具有功能性的钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白。此外，RV 感染会延迟胃排空，而洛哌丁胺似乎可减轻 RV 腹泻，这表明肠道神经系统被激活。5-羟色胺（5-HT）受体拮抗剂可减轻胃肠炎患儿的呕吐，而锌和脑啡肽酶抑制剂可减轻 RV 引起的腹泻。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类 RV 感染的临床症状、病理学、组织学和治疗方法，并将数据整理成一个简化的疾病模型。
