International Rescue Committee, 122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10168, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2012 Sep;37(8):868-78. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jss077. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
To examine orphan status, mental health, social support, and HIV risk among adolescents in rural Kenya.
Randomly selected adolescents aged 10-18 years completed surveys assessing sexual activity, sex-related beliefs and self-efficacy, mental health, social support, caregiver-child communication, time since parental death, and economic resources. Analysis of covariance and regression analyses compared orphans and nonorphans; orphan status was tested as a moderator between well-being and HIV risk.
Orphans reported poorer mental health, less social support, and fewer material resources. They did not differ from nonorphans on HIV risk indicators. Longer time since parental death was associated with poorer outcomes. In moderator analyses, emotional problems and poorer caregiver-youth communication were more strongly associated with lower sex-related self-efficacy for orphans.
Orphans are at higher risk for psychosocial problems. These problems may affect orphans' self-efficacy for safer sex practices more than nonorphans. Decreased HIV risk could be one benefit of psychosocial interventions for orphans.
研究肯尼亚农村青少年的孤儿身份、心理健康、社会支持和 HIV 风险。
随机选取 10-18 岁的青少年完成调查，评估性行为、与性相关的信念和自我效能、心理健康、社会支持、照顾者与儿童的沟通、父母去世时间和经济资源。协方差分析和回归分析比较了孤儿和非孤儿；孤儿身份作为幸福感和 HIV 风险之间的调节因素进行了检验。
孤儿报告的心理健康状况较差、社会支持较少、物质资源较少。他们在 HIV 风险指标上与非孤儿没有差异。父母去世时间越长，结果越差。在调节分析中，情绪问题和较差的照顾者与青少年的沟通与孤儿的性相关自我效能感较低有更强的相关性。
孤儿面临更高的心理社会问题风险。这些问题可能比非孤儿更能影响孤儿进行安全性行为的自我效能感。心理社会干预对孤儿可能会降低 HIV 风险，这是一个益处。
