语言、手势、技能：语言的共同进化基础。
Language, gesture, skill: the co-evolutionary foundations of language.
机构信息
Department of Philosophy and Tempo and Mode, Australian National University, Australia.
出版信息
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012 Aug 5;367(1599):2141-51. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0116.
Abstract
This paper defends a gestural origins hypothesis about the evolution of enhanced communication and language in the hominin lineage. The paper shows that we can develop an incremental model of language evolution on that hypothesis, but not if we suppose that language originated in an expansion of great ape vocalization. On the basis of the gestural origins hypothesis, the paper then advances solutions to four classic problems about the evolution of language: (i) why did language evolve only in the hominin lineage? (ii) why is language use an evolutionarily stable form of informational cooperation, despite the fact that hominins have diverging evolutionary interests? (iii) how did stimulus independent symbols emerge? (iv) what were the origins of complex, syntactically organized symbols? The paper concludes by confronting two challenges: those of testability and of explaining the gesture-to-speech transition; crucial issues for any gestural origins hypothesis.
摘要
本文为人类谱系中增强的交流和语言进化的手势起源假说提供了辩护。本文表明，我们可以在此假说基础上发展语言进化的渐进模型，但如果我们假设语言起源于类人猿发声的扩张，则无法实现。基于手势起源假说，本文随后提出了对语言进化的四个经典问题的解决方案：（i）为什么语言仅在人类谱系中进化？（ii）尽管人类有不同的进化利益，但为什么语言使用是一种进化稳定的信息合作形式？（iii）独立于刺激的符号是如何出现的？（iv）复杂的、句法组织的符号的起源是什么？本文最后通过面对两个挑战来结束：可测试性和解释手势到语音的转变；这些问题对任何手势起源假说都至关重要。
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