Nilsson Thomas, Rova Maria, Smedja Bäcklund Anna
Karlstad University, Dept. Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb;1827(2):189-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.010. Epub 2012 Jun 23.
The microbial metabolism of oxochlorates is part of the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine. Organisms capable of growth using perchlorate or chlorate as respiratory electron acceptors are also interesting for applications in biotreatment of oxochlorate-containing effluents or bioremediation of contaminated areas. In this review, we discuss the reactions of oxochlorate respiration, the corresponding enzymes, and the relation to respiratory electron transport that can contribute to a proton gradient across the cell membrane. Enzymes specific for oxochlorate respiration are oxochlorate reductases and chlorite dismutase. The former belong to DMSO reductase family of molybdenum-containing enzymes. The heme protein chlorite dismutase, which decomposes chlorite into chloride and molecular oxygen, is only distantly related to other proteins with known functions. Pathways for electron transport may be different in perchlorate and chlorate reducers, but appear in both cases to be similar to pathways found in other respiratory systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Evolutionary aspects bioenergetic systems.
氯氧化合物的微生物代谢是氯生物地球化学循环的一部分。能够利用高氯酸盐或氯酸盐作为呼吸电子受体进行生长的生物体，在含氯氧化合物废水的生物处理或污染区域的生物修复应用中也具有重要意义。在本综述中，我们讨论了氯氧化合物呼吸作用的反应、相应的酶，以及与呼吸电子传递的关系，呼吸电子传递有助于在细胞膜上形成质子梯度。氯氧化合物呼吸作用特有的酶是氯氧化合物还原酶和亚氯酸盐歧化酶。前者属于含钼酶的二甲基亚砜还原酶家族。血红素蛋白亚氯酸盐歧化酶可将亚氯酸盐分解为氯离子和分子氧，它与其他已知功能的蛋白质仅有远缘关系。高氯酸盐和氯酸盐还原菌的电子传递途径可能不同，但在这两种情况下似乎都与其他呼吸系统中的途径相似。本文是名为“生物能量系统的进化方面”的特刊的一部分。
