Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2012 Jun 26;142:w13609. doi: 10.4414/smw.2012.13609. eCollection 2012.
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial invasion and involves the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells. The immune system also responds to tissue damage, a process that is triggered by so-called danger- or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or "alarmins". How do physico-chemical properties e.g., size, shape, surface charge and solubility affect immune interactions of nanoparticles? Does the adsorption of biomolecules onto the surface of nanoparticles dictate subsequent immune responses? Do engineered nanoparticles per se act as "alarmins" or does the bio-corona on nanoparticles convey a new "identity" and allow innocuous nanoparticles to present NAMPs (nanoparticle-associated molecular patterns)? Finally, what are the parameters that determine particle clearance or biodegradation in a living system? Understanding nano-immuno-interactions is critical for the safe application of engineered nanoparticles in medicine.
先天免疫系统是抵御微生物入侵的第一道防线，涉及吞噬细胞表面的模式识别受体识别病原体相关分子模式 (PAMPs)。免疫系统还会对组织损伤做出反应，这一过程是由所谓的危险或损伤相关分子模式 (DAMPs) 或“警报素”触发的。物理化学性质（例如大小、形状、表面电荷和溶解度）如何影响纳米粒子的免疫相互作用？生物分子在纳米粒子表面的吸附是否决定了随后的免疫反应？工程纳米粒子本身是否充当“警报素”，还是纳米粒子上的生物冠赋予了新的“身份”，并使无害的纳米粒子呈现 NAMPs（纳米粒子相关分子模式）？最后，决定纳米粒子在活体内清除或生物降解的参数是什么？了解纳米免疫相互作用对于工程纳米粒子在医学中的安全应用至关重要。
