Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Viruses. 2012 May;4(5):734-60. doi: 10.3390/v4050734. Epub 2012 May 3.
In 2003, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) emerged in the Laurentian Great Lakes causing serious losses in a number of ecologically and recreationally important fish species. Within six years, despite concerted managerial preventive measures, the virus spread into the five Great Lakes and to a number of inland waterbodies. In response to this emerging threat, cooperative efforts between the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MI DNR), the Michigan State University Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (MSU-AAHL), and the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) were focused on performing a series of general and VHSV-targeted surveillances to determine the extent of virus trafficking in the State of Michigan. Herein we describe six years (2005-2010) of testing, covering hundreds of sites throughout Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. A total of 96,228 fish representing 73 species were checked for lesions suggestive of VHSV and their internal organs tested for the presence of VHSV using susceptible cell lines. Of the 1,823 cases tested, 30 cases from 19 fish species tested positive for VHSV by tissue culture and were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene sequence analyses of all VHSV isolates retrieved in Michigan demonstrated that they belong to the emerging sublineage "b" of the North American VHSV genotype IV. These findings underscore the complexity of VHSV ecology in the Great Lakes basin and the critical need for rigorous legislation and regulatory guidelines in order to reduce the virus spread within and outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed.
2003 年，病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）在大湖区出现，导致许多具有生态和娱乐重要性的鱼类物种遭受严重损失。尽管采取了协调一致的管理预防措施，但在六年内，该病毒还是传播到了五大湖和许多内陆水域。针对这一新兴威胁，密歇根州自然资源部（MI DNR）、密歇根州立大学水生动物健康实验室（MSU-AAHL）和美国农业部动植物卫生检验局（USDA-APHIS）之间开展了合作，集中精力进行了一系列一般和 VHSV 靶向监测，以确定病毒在密歇根州的传播程度。在此，我们描述了六年（2005-2010 年）的检测情况，覆盖了密歇根州上下半岛的数百个地点。总共检查了 96,228 条鱼，代表了 73 个物种，这些鱼的内部器官用敏感细胞系检测了是否存在 VHSV。在检测的 1,823 个病例中，有 30 个病例来自 19 种鱼类，经组织培养呈 VHSV 阳性，并通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）得到证实。从密歇根州采集的所有 VHSV 分离株的基因序列分析表明，它们属于北美的 VHSV 基因型 IV 的新兴亚系“b”。这些发现强调了大湖流域 VHSV 生态学的复杂性，以及为了减少病毒在 Laurentian 大湖流域内外的传播，严格立法和监管指南的重要性。
