Pardhan-Ali Aliya, Wilson Jeff, Edge Victoria L, Furgal Chris, Reid-Smith Richard, Santos Maria, McEwen Scott A
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
BMJ Open. 2012 Jul 2;2(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000732. Print 2012.
To describe the major characteristics of reported notifiable gastrointestinal illness (NGI) data in the Northwest Territories (NWT) from January 1991 through December 2008.
Descriptive analysis of 708 reported cases of NGI extracted from the Northwest Territories Communicable Disease Registry (NWT CDR).
Primary, secondary and tertiary health care centres across all 33 communities of the NWT.
NWT residents of all ages with confirmed NGI reported to the NWT CDR from January 1991 through December 2008.
Laboratory-confirmed NGI, with a particular emphasis on campylobacteriosis, giardiasis and salmonellosis.
Campylobacteriosis, giardiasis and salmonellosis were the most commonly identified types of NGI in the territory. Seasonal peaks for all three diseases were observed in late summer to autumn (p<0.01). Higher rates of NGI (all 15 diseases/infections) were found in the 0-9-year age group and in men (p<0.01). Similarly, rates of giardiasis were higher in the 0-9-year age group and in men (p<0.02). A disproportionate burden of salmonellosis was found in people aged 60 years and older and in women (p<0.02). Although not significant, the incidence of campylobacteriosis was greater in the 20-29-years age group and in men (p<0.07). The health authority with the highest incidence of NGI was Yellowknife (p<0.01), while for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, it was Tlicho (p<0.01) and for giardiasis, the Sahtu region (p<0.01). Overall, disease rates were higher in urban areas (p<0.01). Contaminated eggs, poultry and untreated water were believed by health practitioners to be important sources of infection in cases of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and giardiasis, respectively.
The general patterns of these findings suggest that environmental and behavioural risk factors played key roles in infection. Further research into potential individual and community-level risk factors is warranted.
描述1991年1月至2008年12月西北地区（NWT）报告的应通报胃肠疾病（NGI）数据的主要特征。
对从西北地区传染病登记处（NWT CDR）提取的708例报告的NGI病例进行描述性分析。
西北地区所有33个社区的一级、二级和三级医疗保健中心。
1991年1月至2008年12月向NWT CDR报告确诊患有NGI的所有年龄段的西北地区居民。
实验室确诊的NGI，特别关注弯曲菌病、贾第虫病和沙门氏菌病。
弯曲菌病、贾第虫病和沙门氏菌病是该地区最常确诊的NGI类型。在夏末至秋季观察到这三种疾病的季节性高峰（p<0.01）。0至9岁年龄组和男性的NGI发病率较高（所有15种疾病/感染）（p<0.01）。同样，0至9岁年龄组和男性的贾第虫病发病率较高（p<0.02）。60岁及以上人群和女性的沙门氏菌病负担过重（p<0.02）。虽然不显著，但弯曲菌病的发病率在20至29岁年龄组和男性中较高（p<0.07）。NGI发病率最高的卫生当局是耶洛奈夫（p<0.01），而沙门氏菌病和弯曲菌病发病率最高的是特利霍（p<0.01），贾第虫病发病率最高的是萨胡地区（p<0.01）。总体而言，城市地区的疾病发病率较高（p<0.01）。卫生从业人员认为，受污染的鸡蛋、家禽和未经处理的水分别是沙门氏菌病、弯曲菌病和贾第虫病感染的重要来源。
这些研究结果的总体模式表明，环境和行为风险因素在感染中起关键作用。有必要进一步研究潜在的个人和社区层面的风险因素。
