高血压在六个尼加拉瓜社区的流行情况及相关危险因素。

Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in six Nicaraguan communities.

机构信息

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

出版信息

Ethn Dis. 2012 Spring;22(2):129-35.

PMID:22764632

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387575/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Describe the prevalence of hypertension.

DESIGN

Population based cross-sectional survey.

SETTING

Six Nicaraguan communities with varying economies.

PARTICIPANTS

1,355 adults aged 20-60 years who completed both self-reported and quantitative measures of health.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Prevalence of hypertension (systolic > or = 140 mm Hg, diastolic > or = 90 mm Hg, or self-reported medical history with diagnosis by a health care professional), uncontrolled hypertension (systolic > or = 140 mm Hg or diastolic > or = 90 mm Hg), diabetes (urinary glucose excretion > or = 100 mg/ dL or self-reported medical history diagnosed by a health care professional), and uncontrolled diabetes (urinary glucose excretion > or =100 mg/dL only).

RESULTS

The prevalence of hypertension was 22.0% (19.2% in men, 24.2% in women). Blood pressure was controlled in 31.0% of male hypertensives and 55.1% of female hypertensives (odds ratio [OR] 2.86; 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.74-4.69). Older age and higher body mass index were strongly associated with hypertension. Women who completed primary school had a lower risk of hypertension (OR .40; 95% Cl .19-.85) compared to those with no formal education. A history of living in both urban and rural settings was associated with lower prevalence of hypertension (OR .52; 95% CI .34-.79). Diabetes mellitus was found in 1.2% of men and 4.3% of women. Male sex was independently associated with decreased risk of diabetes (OR .31; 95% Cl .11-.86).

CONCLUSIONS

At least one cardiovascular risk factor was found in half of this Nicaraguan sample. Cardiovascular risk factors should be the target of educational efforts, screening, and treatment.

摘要

目的

描述高血压的流行情况。

设计

基于人群的横断面调查。

地点

六个具有不同经济状况的尼加拉瓜社区。

参与者

完成自我报告和健康定量测量的 1355 名 20-60 岁成年人。

主要观察指标

高血压患病率（收缩压≥140mmHg，舒张压≥90mmHg，或自我报告的医疗史，由医疗保健专业人员诊断）、未控制的高血压（收缩压≥140mmHg 或舒张压≥90mmHg）、糖尿病（尿葡萄糖排泄量≥100mg/dL，或自我报告的由医疗保健专业人员诊断的医疗史）和未控制的糖尿病（仅尿葡萄糖排泄量≥100mg/dL）。

结果

高血压的患病率为 22.0%（男性为 19.2%，女性为 24.2%）。男性高血压患者中血压得到控制的比例为 31.0%，女性为 55.1%（比值比[OR]2.86；95%置信区间[Cl]1.74-4.69）。年龄较大和体重指数较高与高血压密切相关。完成小学学业的女性患高血压的风险较低（OR.40；95%Cl.19-.85），而未接受正规教育的女性风险较高。有城乡生活史的女性高血压患病率较低（OR.52；95%Cl.34-.79）。男性高血压患病率为 1.2%，女性为 4.3%。男性性别与糖尿病风险降低独立相关（OR.31；95%Cl.11-.86）。