Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Sep 1;433:8-19. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.082. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
The 24-h average ambient particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) concentrations are sampled concurrently during November 2008-April 2009 at a busy roadside in Chennai City, India. The elemental (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Te, Tl, V and Zn) and ionic (Na(+), NH(4)(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), F(-), Cl(-), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-)) composition of PM(10) and PM(2.5) are determined using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and an ion chromatograph (IC), respectively. The emission inventory at the study area is also carried out to identify the likely PM emission sources. The U.S. EPA's-CMB (chemical mass balance) version 8.2 is applied to identify the source contribution of ambient PM(10) and PM(2.5) concentrations at the study area. Results indicated that diesel exhausts (43-52% in PM(10) and 44-65% in PM(2.5)) and gasoline exhausts (6-16% in PM(10) and 3-8% in PM(2.5)) are found to be the major source contributors at the study site followed by the paved road dusts (PM(10)=PM(2.5)=0.-2.3%), brake lining dusts (0.1% in PM(10) and 0.2% in PM(2.5)), brake pad wear dusts (0.1% in PM(10) and 0.01% in PM(2.5)), marine aerosols (PM(10)=PM(2.5)=0.1%) and cooking (~0.8% in PM(10) and ~1.5% in PM(2.5)).
在印度钦奈市的一个繁忙的路边，于 2008 年 11 月至 2009 年 4 月期间同时采集了 24 小时平均环境颗粒物（PM(10)和 PM(2.5)）浓度。使用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）和离子色谱仪（IC）分别测定了 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)中的元素（Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ga、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Rb、Se、Sr、Te、Tl、V 和 Zn）和离子（Na(+)、NH(4)(+)、K(+)、Ca(2+)、Mg(2+)、F(-)、Cl(-)、NO(2)(-)、NO(3)(-)和 SO(4)(2-)）组成。还进行了研究区域的排放清单编制工作，以确定可能的 PM 排放源。应用美国环保署的-CMB（化学质量平衡）版本 8.2 来确定研究区域环境 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)浓度的源贡献。结果表明，柴油废气（在 PM(10)中占 43-52%，在 PM(2.5)中占 44-65%）和汽油废气（在 PM(10)中占 6-16%，在 PM(2.5)中占 3-8%）是研究点的主要源贡献者，其次是铺砌道路尘埃（PM(10)=PM(2.5)=0.-2.3%）、制动衬片粉尘（在 PM(10)中占 0.1%，在 PM(2.5)中占 0.2%）、制动蹄磨损粉尘（在 PM(10)中占 0.1%，在 PM(2.5)中占 0.01%）、海洋气溶胶（PM(10)=PM(2.5)=0.1%）和烹饪（在 PM(10)中占 0.8%，在 PM(2.5)中占 1.5%）。
