Area of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Aug 15;432:404-11. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.023. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases and their associated factors has been investigated in HIV populations from the Island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. The feces of 310 participants from the island of Bioko (260 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative) were analyzed by microscopic observation. Immunochromatography was also used to diagnose Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. In addition, patients were asked for sociodemographic, economic and academic status, and CD4+ T cell counts were recorded. For HIV-positive patients, the prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites was 81.5% (212/260), 83.8% (218/260) by pathogenic helminths and 55.4% (168/260) by pathogenic protozoa (E. histolytica/dispar and Giardia duodenalis). Gender association was found between the infection by Ascaris and Schistosoma, a higher proportion being found in women; and between Entamoeba and the place of residence, a higher proportion being observed in the urban belt. Strongyloides stercoralis and Chilomastix mesnili appeared only in the people of this group, all the cases of Chilomastix being in females. For HIV-negative participants, the prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites was 74.0% (37/50), 90.0% (45/50) by pathogenic helminths and 66.0% (43/50) by pathogenic protozoa. Gender, educational level and low hygiene were associated with intestinal parasitic infection. When comparing the two groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative), statistical association between HIV co-infection and infection by Giardia and Entamoeba was found. Diarrhea was also associated with intestinal parasitic infection in the HIV-positive group. Not only do our findings reflect high rates of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV-positive people, but also in the HIV-negative group, suggesting a closer relationship between sanitary status and living conditions than with immune status, and thus they highlight the need to carry out health education policies in the population. In addition, Schistosoma intercalatum/guineensis has been detected for the first time as an autochthonous parasite on the island.
在赤道几内亚比奥科岛的艾滋病毒感染者中，已经研究了肠道寄生虫病的流行情况及其相关因素。对来自比奥科岛的 310 名参与者（260 名 HIV 阳性和 50 名 HIV 阴性）的粪便进行了显微镜观察分析。还使用免疫层析法诊断了贾第虫、溶组织内阿米巴和隐孢子虫属。此外，还询问了患者的社会人口统计学、经济和学术地位，并记录了 CD4+T 细胞计数。对于 HIV 阳性患者，肠道寄生虫感染的患病率为 81.5%（212/260），致病性蠕虫感染为 83.8%（218/260），致病性原生动物感染为 55.4%（168/260）（溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕和十二指肠贾第虫）。感染蛔虫和血吸虫与性别有关，女性感染比例较高；与居住地点有关的 Entamoeba，城市带观察到的比例较高。仅在该人群中发现了 Strongyloides stercoralis 和 Chilomastix mesnili，所有 Chilomastix 病例均为女性。对于 HIV 阴性参与者，肠道寄生虫感染的患病率为 74.0%（37/50），致病性蠕虫感染为 90.0%（45/50），致病性原生动物感染为 66.0%（43/50）。性别、教育水平和低卫生水平与肠道寄生虫感染有关。当比较两组（HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性）时，发现 HIV 合并感染与贾第虫和 Entamoeba 感染之间存在统计学关联。在 HIV 阳性组中，腹泻也与肠道寄生虫感染有关。我们的研究结果不仅反映了 HIV 阳性人群中肠道寄生虫感染率较高，而且在 HIV 阴性人群中也较高，这表明卫生状况和生活条件与免疫状况的关系更为密切，因此强调需要在人群中开展卫生教育政策。此外，首次在岛上检测到了本地寄生虫 Schistosoma intercalatum/guineensis。
