Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Parasitology. 2023 Aug;150(9):769-780. doi: 10.1017/S0031182023000513. Epub 2023 May 29.
Giardiasis, caused by , is a leading cause of diarrhoea in resource-poor countries. To gain a better insight into the epidemiology of in Africa, we undertook a robust study to comprehend the distribution and prevalence of infection in humans, animals and their dispersal in the environment. Our protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022317653). Deep literature search from 5 electronic databases, namely, AJOL, Google scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer Link was performed using relevant keywords. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the -statistic. More than 500 eligible studies published from 1 January 1980 until 22 March 2022 were retrieved. In humans, exactly 48 124 spp. infection cases were registered from the 494 014 stool samples examined resulting in a pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of 8.8% using microscopy. Whereas copro-antigen tests and molecular diagnostic methods generated PPE of 14.3 and 19.5%, respectively, with HIV+ subjects and those with diarrhoeatic stool having infection rates of 5.0 and 12.3%, respectively. The PPE of spp. infection in animals using molecular methods was 15.6%, which was most prevalent in pigs (25.2%) with Nigeria registering the highest prevalence at 20.1%. The PPE of spp. contamination from waterbodies was 11.9% from a total of 7950 samples which were detected using microscopy, with Tunisia documenting the highest infection rate of 37.3%. This meta-analysis highlights the necessity of ‘One Health’ approach for consolidated epidemiological studies and control of giardiasis in the African continent.
贾第虫病由 引起，是资源匮乏国家腹泻的主要原因。为了更深入地了解非洲 的流行病学，我们进行了一项强有力的研究，以了解人类、动物中的 感染分布和流行情况，以及它们在环境中的传播。我们的方案已在 PROSPERO（注册号 CRD42022317653）上注册。我们使用相关关键词，从 5 个电子数据库（即 AJOL、Google Scholar、PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Springer Link）进行了深入的文献搜索。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并使用 Cochran's Q 和 I ² 统计量评估研究之间的异质性。检索到了自 1980 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 22 日发表的超过 500 篇合格研究。从检查的 494014 份粪便样本中，发现人类感染 48124 例 spp.，显微镜下的总患病率估计（PPE）为 8.8%。而粪便抗原检测和分子诊断方法的 PPE 分别为 14.3%和 19.5%，HIV+ 患者和腹泻粪便患者的感染率分别为 5.0%和 12.3%。使用分子方法在动物中感染 spp.的 PPE 为 15.6%，在猪中最为常见（25.2%），尼日利亚的感染率最高，为 20.1%。从总共 7950 个样本中用显微镜检测到的水体中 spp.污染的 PPE 为 11.9%，突尼斯记录的感染率最高，为 37.3%。这项荟萃分析强调了“同一健康”方法在非洲大陆进行综合流行病学研究和控制贾第虫病的必要性。
