Nemours Center for Pediatric Lung Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012 Sep;47(9):837-47. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22610. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
The introduction of assisted ventilation for neonatal pulmonary insufficiency has resulted in the successful treatment of many previously fatal diseases. During the past three decades, refinement of invasive mechanical ventilation techniques has dramatically improved survival of many high-risk neonates. However, as with many advances in medicine, while mortality has been reduced, morbidity has increased in the surviving high-risk neonate. In this regard, introduction of assisted ventilation has been associated with chronic lung injury, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This disease, unknown prior to the appearance of mechanical ventilation, has produced a population of patients characterized by ventilator or oxygen dependence with serious accompanying pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. The purpose of this article is to review non-invasive respiratory support methodologies to address the physiologic mechanisms by which these methods may prevent the pathophysiologic effects of invasive mechanical ventilation.
辅助通气在新生儿肺功能不全中的应用，使得许多以前致命的疾病得到成功治疗。在过去的三十年中，有创机械通气技术的不断完善，显著提高了许多高危新生儿的存活率。然而，与医学的许多进步一样，尽管死亡率降低了，但存活的高危新生儿的发病率却增加了。在这方面，辅助通气的应用与慢性肺损伤（也称为支气管肺发育不良）有关。这种疾病在机械通气出现之前是未知的，它产生了一群患者，其特点是需要呼吸机或氧气支持，同时伴有严重的肺部和神经发育并发症。本文的目的是回顾非侵入性呼吸支持方法，以探讨这些方法预防有创机械通气的病理生理作用的生理机制。
