Department of Psychology, Jordan Hall, Building 420, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Nov;103(5):787-803. doi: 10.1037/a0029263. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
We identify a novel dimension of people's beliefs about intelligence: beliefs about the potential to become highly intelligent. Studies 1-3 found that in U.S. American contexts, people tend to believe that only some people have the potential to become highly intelligent. In contrast, in South Asian Indian contexts, people tend to believe that most people have the potential to become highly intelligent. To examine the implications of these beliefs, Studies 4-6 measured and manipulated Americans' beliefs about the potential for intelligence and found that the belief that everyone can become highly intelligent predicted increased support for policies that distribute resources more equally across advantaged and disadvantaged social groups. These findings suggest that the belief that only some people have the potential to become highly intelligent is a culturally shaped belief, and one that can lead people to oppose policies aimed at redressing social inequality.
对变得非常聪明的潜力的信念。研究 1-3 发现，在美国的背景下，人们倾向于认为只有一些人有潜力变得非常聪明。相比之下，在南亚印度的背景下，人们倾向于认为大多数人都有潜力变得非常聪明。为了检验这些信念的影响，研究 4-6 测量和操纵了美国人对智力潜力的信念，发现每个人都有潜力变得非常聪明的信念预测了对更公平地在优势和劣势社会群体之间分配资源的政策的支持增加。这些发现表明，只有少数人有潜力变得非常聪明的信念是一种文化塑造的信念，它会导致人们反对旨在纠正社会不平等的政策。
