Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, 545 Student Services Building #1900, Berkeley, CA 94720-1900, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Oct;103(4):718-35. doi: 10.1037/a0029395. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
In explaining the prevalence of the overconfident belief that one is better than others, prior work has focused on the motive to maintain high self-esteem, abetted by biases in attention, memory, and cognition. An additional possibility is that overconfidence enhances the person's social status. We tested this status-enhancing account of overconfidence in 6 studies. Studies 1-3 found that overconfidence leads to higher social status in both short- and longer-term groups, using naturalistic and experimental designs. Study 4 applied a Brunswikian lens analysis (Brunswik, 1956) and found that overconfidence leads to a behavioral signature that makes the individual appear competent to others. Studies 5 and 6 measured and experimentally manipulated the desire for status and found that the status motive promotes overconfidence. Together, these studies suggest that people might so often believe they are better than others because it helps them achieve higher social status.
在解释人们普遍存在过于自信的信念，即认为自己比别人更好的原因时，之前的研究主要集中在通过注意力、记忆和认知偏见来维持高自尊的动机上。另一种可能性是，过度自信会提高个人的社会地位。我们在 6 项研究中检验了这种过度自信的增强社会地位的解释。研究 1-3 发现，无论是在短期还是长期群体中，过度自信都会导致更高的社会地位，使用了自然主义和实验设计。研究 4 应用了 Brunswikian 镜头分析（Brunswik，1956），发现过度自信会导致一种行为特征，使个体在他人眼中显得有能力。研究 5 和 6 测量并实验性地操纵了对地位的渴望，发现地位动机促进了过度自信。综上所述，这些研究表明，人们可能经常认为自己比别人更好，因为这有助于他们获得更高的社会地位。
